Pionetics Corporation

Other

James Crawford Holmes

Eric David Nyberg

Ashok Kumar Janah

John Riley Hawkins

Paul G Schoenstein

Christine Ellen Vogdes

George W Kayser

John Hawkins

Eric Nyberg

A fluid treatment apparatus comprises an electrochemical cell having fluid orifices to receive input fluid and release output fluid, the input fluid having a first level of a microorganism. First and second electrodes are about a water-splitting membrane in the electrochemical cell. A valve controls the flow of fluid through fluid orifices of the electrochemical cell. A power supply supplies a current to the first and second electrodes. A control module comprises program code to operate the valve to flow the input fluid into a fluid orifice of the electrochemical cell and provide a residence time of the fluid in the cell of at least 0.05 minutes, while controlling the power supply to supply to the first and second electrodes, a current having a current density of from about 0.01 to about 20 mA/cm.

Electrochemical ion exchange treatment of fluids

A fluid treatment apparatus for treating a fluid comprises an electrochemical cell having fluid orifices to receive and release fluid, and a fluid passageway connecting the orifices with a water-splitting ion exchange membrane is exposed to the fluid in the passageway. First and second electrodes are positioned about the membrane. The apparatus also comprises a controller to control and operate a power supply and valve system. The power supply supplies a current to the first and second electrodes at sufficiently high current density to result in bacteriostasis, deactivation, or a reduction in the microorganisms in the fluid. The controller can also operate a set of cells to deionize fluid and regenerate the cells.

A cartridge for an ion exchanging electrochemical cell, the cartridge comprising at least one spiral wound, textured, bipolar ion exchange membrane having (i) an anion exchange layer abutting a cation exchange layer with continuous contact between the anion exchange layer and the cation exchange layer; and (ii) an exposed textured surface having a pattern of texture features. A method of manufacturing a cartridge for an ion exchange electrochemical cell comprises winding the textured, bipolar ion exchange membrane into a spiral wound membrane.

Cartridge having textured membrane

An electrochemical cellcomprises an ion exchange membranehaving anion and cation exchange materials. The membranecan have separate anion and cation exchange layersthat define a heterogeneous water-splitting interface therebetween. In one version, the membranehas a textured surface having a pattern of texture featurescomprising spaced apart peaksand valleys. The membranescan also have an integral spacer. A cartridgecan be fabricated with a plurality of the membranesfor insertion in a housingof the electrochemical cell. The housingcan also have a detachable lidthat fits on the cartridge. The electrochemical cellcan be part of an ion controlling apparatus

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San Carlos, CA, United States of America

James Crawford Holmes