Mine Safety Appliances Company

Hydroconfidence Inc.

James B Miller

Towner Bennett Scheffler

Joseph D Jolson

Celeste L Hort

Daniar Hussain

Daniel E Bruce

Mark Fiori Zanella, Sr

Michael B Schulman

Frank William Cooper, Jr

Jon K Haverstick

Jay Scott Roberts

Ryan Abbott

Lou Crocco

Steven G Malliaris

James A Cahall

James G Cahall

One embodiment of the present invention is a system comprising one or more subsystems, which can be practiced alone or in combination, which together allow for monitoring of groundwater, rock, and casing for production flow and leakage of hydrocarbon fluids. A flow measurement subsystem measures flow of hydrocarbons in the horizontal casing string. A well mechanical integrity monitoring subsystem monitors the mechanical integrity of the natural gas production well, including the junctures of a completed well. An aquifer monitoring subsystem directly monitors water aquifer(s) underneath and surrounding a natural gas production well or pad, including monitoring wells or existing water wells. A communication subsystem is used to communicate measurements taken downhole to the surface. The present invention may be used to enhance the production from a gas bearing shale formation, mitigate liability associated with hydrocarbon migration, and monitor for a loss of mechanical integrity of a well.

Systems and methods for monitoring groundwater, rock, and casing for production flow and leakage of hydrocarbon fluids

A photoionization detector includes a housing, electrical contacts within the housing and an easily removable and replaceable photoionization chamber within the housing. The photoionization chamber includes a cathodic electrode and an anodic electrode which may be coated with a thin layer of material. The photoionization chamber and the associated cathodic electrode and anodic electrode are removable from within the housing as a unit. The photoionization chamber makes electrical connection with the contacts when seated within the housing regardless of the orientation of the photoionization chamber about an axis.

Photoionization detectors, ionization chambers for use in photoionization detectors, and methods of use of photoionization detectors

A combustible gas sensor includes an active element in electrical connection with a measurement circuit. The measurement circuit includes a thermistor network to compensate for the effect of changes in ambient temperature to the resistance of the active element. Another combustible gas sensor includes an active element having a geometric surface area no greater than approximately 0.5 mmin electrical connection with a measurement circuit. The measurement circuit includes a compensator that compensates for the effect of changes in ambient temperature to the resistance of the active element without compensating for heat lost by thermal conduction from the active element. A method of sensing gas including the steps of: (i) providing a catalytic active element having a geometric surface area sufficiently small such that the effect upon the output of the active element of heat lost from the active element by thermal conduction is relatively small, and (ii) compensating for only the effect of changes in ambient temperature upon the output of the active element.

Catalytic sensor

A gas sensor for the detection of gases comprises a housing and an active element disposed within the housing. The active element is surrounded by a porous insulating material having a bulk density no greater than 0.15 g/cc. Another gas sensor comprises an active element surrounded by a porous insulating material having a surface area no greater than approximately 200 m /cc. Another gas sensor comprises a copper compound positioned so that gas contacts the copper compound before contacting the active element. Another gas sensor comprises an active element surrounded by a porous material having an average pore size of at least approximately 100 &angst;. Another gas sensor comprises a heating element surrounded by a porous material that supports a catalyst.

Gas sensor

A combustible gas sensor includes an active element in electrical connection with a measurement circuit. The measurement circuit includes a thermistor network to compensate for the effect of changes in ambient temperature to the resistance of the active element. Another combustible gas sensor includes an active element having a geometric surface area no greater than approximately 0.5 mm in electrical connection with a measurement circuit. The measurement circuit includes a compensator that compensates for the effect of changes in ambient temperature to the resistance of the active element without compensating for heat lost by thermal conduction from the active element. A method of sensing gas including the steps of: (i) providing a catalytic active element having a geometric surface area sufficiently small such that the effect upon the output of the active element of heat lost from the active element by thermal conduction is relatively small, and (ii) compensating for only the effect of changes in ambient temperature upon the output of the active element.

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Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

James B Miller