Gesellschaft Zur-forderung Der Industrieorientierten Forschung an Den

Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Forschung an Der Eidgenossischen

Jakob Koppel

Kalman Kovari

Christian Amstad

A plumb weight hung onto a plumb wire anchored firmly at one end bears a laser light emitter which lies opposite a stationary photoelectric receiver. The receiver has a photodetector arrangement which is connected downstream of an optical system and a matt screen. The light emitter and receiver form an optical position measuring system. Relative movements between the anchoring point of the plumb wire and hence between the plumb body and the receiver transverse to the vertical direction result in a change of the position of the point of incidence of the light beam on the photodetector arrangement. By measuring the respective position of this light spot, the degree of movement of the plumb body and hence of the plumb wire anchoring point relative to the receiver can be determined.

Apparatus for detecting positional changes in relation to a vertical

The tubing system comprises a number of measuring stops or surfaces arranged in a predetermined mutual spaced relationship. The spacing is utilized for determining the displacements in the material enclosing the tubing. This displacement is ascertained by a measuring probe introduced into the tubing from the outside. The measuring stops are provided on measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves in order to ensure that displacements in the material can also be transmitted to the measuring stops even in relatively soft material without a stiffening effect of the tubing. The connection between the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves takes place exclusively through a telescope-type protecting tube insert. A rigid anchoring of the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves to the inner wall of an accommodating hole or bore hole provided in the material to be investigated takes place through filling collars fastened to the outside of the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves. These filling collars are filled with cement mortar through a first filling conduit and a first return conduit. A support arrangement maintains the exact position of the measuring stops of the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves relative to each other during the assembly of the measuring tube until the cement mortar has hardened in the filling collars. Centering heads of the support arrangement are connected with the measuring stops by detachable locking pins.

Method of, and tubing and support apparatus for, arranging a tubing

A measuring tube is inserted into a bore hole for measuring underground fluid pressure and is sealed against the bore hole wall for limiting the areas or regions in which the pressure measurement is to occur. A measuring cell is inserted into the measuring tube wall in each of these areas or regions and includes a mobile pressure sensing element against which acts the pressure of the medium surrounding the measuring tube. An end of the pressure sensing element projects into the inner space of the measuring tube and, for measurement, a measuring wheel of a measuring probe is brought into position underneath the end of the pressure sensing element such that the latter is moved radially outwards against the pressure exerted on it. The force which thus acts on the measuring wheel is determined by a measuring device for measuring the pressure. The medium to be measured does not enter or leak into the measuring tube since the measuring cell is sealingly inserted into the measuring tube. The measuring wheel is brought very accurately into the measuring position by the rotation of a central portion of the measuring probe relative to the end portions, which are guided on wheels, and the movement of the probe until it makes contact with stops. This is a prerequisite for high precision pressure measurement.

Method of, and measuring tube and measuring probe for, measuring fluid

In the medium to be examined there is embedded a measuring tube which possesses at its inner surface essentially equidistantly spaced measuring markers. These measuring markers are in the form of mechanical stops or impact members having an impact surface forming part of a right circular cone. To determine the spacing between neighboring measuring markers there is provided a measuring probe or sensor having two measuring heads connected with one another, by means of a connection tube, such that they are relatively shiftable in the lengthwise axis of the measuring probe. Each measuring head is constructed as a mechanical counter stop having an impact or stop surface forming part of a spherical surface. Internally of the connection tube there is arranged an inductive length transmitter producing an output signal characteristic of the spacing between the measuring heads. By means of a traction rod and a dynamometer and a tension spring both of the measuring heads are brought into contact, by means of their counter impact or stop surfaces, with the stop surfaces of the stops or impact members. The signal generated by the length transmitter is proportional to the spacing or spacing change between both of the measuring heads and thus, also to both of the measuring markers. Relative displacements between both of the measuring markers in the direction of the lengthwise axis of the measuring tube can therefore be directly determined.

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Wurenlos, Switzerland

Jakob Koppel