Nanogen, Inc.

Gamida for Life B.v.

Jain Krotz

Thomas J Onofrey

Havens R John

Theodore M Winger

John J Scott

Smolko Dan

Howard Reese

John R Havens

Gregory J Kevorkian

Regina Rooney

Kristie L Lykstad

Daniel E Raymond

Dan Smolko

Charles H Greef

Methods of addressing a biomolecule to a selectively addressable electrode are described. A permeation layer overlying a plurality of selectively addressable electrodes is provided. The permeation layer includes a reactive group that is adapted to bond to a biomolecule and that requires activation through a chemical transformation before bonding to the biomolecule. At least one selectively addressable electrode is biased such that a pH change occurs in an overlying solution of the at least one selectively addressable electrode. The reactive group in a portion of the permeation layer above the at least one selectively addressable electrode is then chemically transformed to an activated reactive group as a result of the pH change. A biomolecule is then bound to the permeation layer overlying the at least one selectively addressable electrode through the activated reactive group.

Biomolecular attachment sites on microelectronic arrays and methods thereof

Electronically addressable microchips having covalently bound permeation layers and methods of making such covalently bonded permeation layers to microchips are provided. The covalent bonding is derived from combining the use of electrodes with silane derivatives. Such chemistry provides the ability to apply an electronic bias to the electrodes of the microchip while preventing permeation layer delaminating from the electrode surface.

Platinum silicide permeation layer device with microlocaions

Microreaction molds and methods of molding very thin films onto substrate surfaces are provided. The molds and molding methods allow for consistency and uniformity in the thicknesses of the films that are applied to the substrate surfaces. The molds may be single composite, such as etched silica, or multicomposite, such as quartz/metal. The molds may further comprise an adjustable molding cavity. The molds of this invention are particularly applicable to generating thin polymeric films onto microchip substrates.

Methods for molding and grafting highly uniform polymer layers onto electronic microchips

Permeation layer attachment chemistry and method

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San Diego, CA, United States of America

Jain Krotz