Apple Inc.

Jaein Choi

Sunggu Kang

Hairong Tang

Cheng Kai Chen

Rui Liu

Gloria Wong

Wendi Chang

Michael Slootsky

Chun-Yao Huang

Andrew C Lin

Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov

Steven E Molesa

Cheuk Chi Lo

Younggu Lee

Sandeep Chalasani

Gwanwoo Park

Teruo Sasagawa

James E Pedder

Wookyung Bae

Yusuke Fujino

Kanuo C Kustra

Xin Zhao

Xia Li

Paul Stephen Drzaic

Giovanni Gozzini

Hopil Bae

Paolo Sacchetto

Hsin-Hua Hu

Mohammad Yeke Yazdandoost

Abbas Jamshidi Roudbari

Shinya Ono

Ion Bita

Warren S Rieutort-Louis

Lei Yuan

Marc Joseph DeVincentis

Jungmin Lee

Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi

Graham Butler Myhre

Zhen Zhang

Young Cheol Yang

Oray Orkun Cellek

Lun Tsai

Izhar Zahoor Ahmed

Ivan Knez

Ben-Li Sheu

Lai Wang

Giovanni Carbone

Chun-Ming Tang

Jung Yen Huang

Hitoshi Yamamoto

Kwang Ohk Cheon

Xiaofan Niu

KiBeom Kim

Tiffany T Moy

Anshi Liang

Chih-Lei Chen

Francois R Jacob

Elmar Gehlen

Zuoqian Wang

Han-Chieh Chang

Chin Wei Hsu

Yong Sun

Jui-Chih Liao

Ian D Tracy

Jonathan P Mar

Xiaodan Zhu

Joy M Johnson

EnkhAmgalan Dorjgotov

Cheng Chen

Rni Liu

Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.

Organic light-emitting diode display with patterned anodes and optical cavities

A micro-light-emitting diode (LED) display includes a number of micro-LED pixel elements and multiple optical sensors integrated with the micro-LED pixel elements. A transparent conductor layer is disposed over the micro-LED pixel elements and optical sensors.

Embedded optical sensors in a micro-led display

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.

Organic light-emitting diode display with pixel definition layers

An electronic device display may have pixels formed from crystalline semiconductor light-emitting diode dies, organic light-emitting diodes, or other pixel structures. The pixels may be formed on a display panel substrate. A display panel may extend continuously across the display or multiple display panels may be tiled in two dimensions to cover a larger display area. Interconnect substrates may have outwardly facing contacts that are electrically shorted to corresponding inwardly facing contacts such as inwardly facing metal pillars associated with the display panels. The interconnect substrates may be supported by glass layers. Integrated circuits may be embedded in the display panels and/or in the interconnect substrates. A display may have an active area with pixels that includes non-spline pixels in a non-spline display portion located above a straight edge of the display and spline pixel in a spline display portion located above a curved edge of the display.

Electronic devices with borderless displays

To extract light from a light-emitting diode (and thereby improve efficiency of the display), a microlens stack may be formed over the light-emitting diode. The microlens stack may include an array of microlenses that is covered by an additional single microlens. Having stacked microlenses in this way increases lens power without increasing the thickness of the display. The array of microlenses may be formed from an inorganic material whereas the additional single microlens may be formed from an organic material. The additional single microlens may conform to the upper surfaces of the array of microlenses. An additional low-index layer may be interposed between the light-emitting diode and the array of microlenses. A diffusive layer may be formed around the light-emitting diode to capture light emitted from the light-emitting diode sidewalls.

Light-emitting diode display pixels with microlens stacks over light-emitting diodes

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have a steep sidewall, a sidewall with an undercut, or a sidewall surface with a plurality of curves to disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. A control gate that is coupled to a bias voltage and covered by gate dielectric may be used to form an organic thin-film transistor that shuts the leakage current channel between adjacent anodes on the display.

Organic light-emitting diode display with reduced lateral leakage

Micro LED and microdriver chip integration schemes are described. In an embodiment a microdriver chip includes a plurality of trenches formed in a bottom surface of the microdriver chip, with each trench surrounding a conductive stud extending below a bottom surface of the microdriver chip body. Integration schemes are additionally described for providing electrical connection to conductive terminal contacts and micro LEDs bonded to a display substrate and adjacent to a microdriver chip.

Backplane structure and process for microdriver and micro LED

Growing community of inventors

San Jose, CA, United States of America

Jaein Choi