Institut Francais Du Pe'trole

Elf France

Elf Antar France

Ifp Et Elf France

Jacques Denis

Bernard Damin

Robert Leger

Bernard Sillion

Jacques Garapon

Alain Forestiere

Alexandre Rojey

Maurice Born

Guy Parc

Jerome Weill

Xavier Montagne

Daniele Eber

Philippe Mulard

Despina Vassilakis

Michel Senneron

Jean-Michel Laupie

Francoise Dixmier

Gerard Leleu

Beatrice Bonardi

Anti-wear and high pressure lubricating compositions with a major proportion of lubricating oil and a minor proportion of at least one amine phosphate containing a terminal imide ring result from the reaction, under conditions for the formation of an amine salt, of at least one phosphate having the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which n is equal to 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group with 1 to 32 carbon atoms, R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing usually from 1 to 200 carbon atoms, with at least one amine.

Lubricating compositions containing an amine phosphate with a terminal

Amine phosphate having a terminal imide cycle resulting from the reaction, under formation conditions for an amine salt, of at least one phosphate complying with the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which n is equal to 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, R.sup.6 stands for a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group normally having 1 to 200 carbon atoms, with at least one amine. Preparation process in accordance with standard methods and use of these compounds as additives in fuels for engines, if appropriate in formulations containing a second constituent consisting of at least one product chosen from among the germination additives of paraffins, whereby said formulations can also contain at least one paraffin crystal growth inhibiting product.

Amine phosphates having a terminal cyclic imide

Polymer with a number average molecular weight of 400 to 20,000 having amino-substituted groups in its molecule and resulting from the reaction of at least one compound having a secondary amine function with 1 to 60 carbon atoms on an unsaturated polyester resulting from the condensation of an unsaturated, aliphatic dicarboxylic compound having at least one alpha ethylene unsaturation of one of the carboxylic groups on at least one epoxidized compound having 2 to 62 carbon atoms chosen from among epoxyalkenes, ethers, epoxyalcohol esters and epoxyacid esters. Middle distillate composition having a distillation range of 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and incorporating a minor proportion, preferably 0.001 to 2% by weight, of at least one of the aforementioned polymers.

Amino-substituted polymers and their use as additives for modifying the

Disclosed is a polymer of average molecular weight ranging from 400 to 20,000 comprising amino substituted groups in its molecule and resulting from the reaction of at least one compound with a primary amine function having 1 to 60 carbon atoms with an unsaturated polyester resulting from the condensation of an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic compound, comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation in the alpha position of one of the carboxyl groups, with at least one epoxidated compound having 4 to 62 carbon atoms chosen from ethers and esters of epoxyalcohols and esters of epoxyacids. Also disclosed is a middle distillate composition having a distillation range from 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and comprising a minor proportion, preferably from 0.001 to 2% in weight, of at least one of the polymers defined hereinabove.

Polymers derived from unsaturated polyesters by addition of compounds

Polymer of average molecular weight ranging from 400 to 20 000 comprising amino substituted groups in its molecule and resulting from the reaction of at least one compound with a primary amine function having 1 to 60 carbon atoms with an unsaturated polyester resulting from the condensation of an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic compound, comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation in the alpha position of one of the carboxyl groups, with at least one epoxidated compound having 4 to 62 carbon atoms chosen from ethers and esters of epoxyalcohols and esters of epoxyacids. Middle distillate composition having a distillation range from 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and comprising a minor proportion, preferably from 0.001 to 2% in weight, of at least one of the polymers defined hereinabove.

Formulations of additives for engine fuels comprising at least one constituent (A) and one constituent (B) resulting from the reaction of at least one alkenyl or polyalkenyl-succinic derivative with at least one polyamine to form constituent (A) and with at least one 1-(2-hydroethyl) imidazoline substituted in the 2-position by a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 1 to 25 atoms of carbon to form constituent (B). The preferred formulations also contain a constituent (C) consisting of at least one polyglycol soluble in said fuel, with an average molecular mass ranging from 480 to 2,100. The (A)/(B) and (A)+(B)/(C) molar ratios preferably are respectively 0.2/1 to 5/1 and 0.05/1 and 20/1.

Formulations of nitrogenated additives for engine fuels and the engine

Copolymers of average number molecular weight from about 300 to 5,000 comprising recurrent units originating (A) from alpha olefins, (B) from .alpha.,.beta. unsaturated .alpha., .gamma. dicarboxylic compounds, (C) from unsaturated acid esters of 1,2-diols, optionally etherified or esterified, and (D) optionally from acrylic esters, the proportions of the recurrent units being 5-60% for (A), 10-70% for (B), 10-60% for (C) and 0-60% for (D), at least one of recurrent units (A), (B) and/or (C) comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and at least 10% of the recurrent units of said copolymer being (B) recurrent units of N-substituted imide type. These copolymers form additives useful to lower the pour point of middle distillates, particularly of gas-oils. The use of said additives at a concentration from 0.001 to 2% by weight results in a substantial decrease of the pour point of the treated middle distillates.

Nitrogenous copolymers, their preparation and use as additives for

Additive compositions, useful in particular for improving the cold filterability properties of oil middle distillates, comprise:

Additives compositions useful in particular for improving the cold

An additive composition having a dispersing effect in lubricating oils is obtained by reacting at least one substituted succinic anhydride with at least one alkylphenol and with hexamethylene tetramine, preferably in respective proportions of from 1 to 2 moles of substituted succinic anhydride per mole of the alkylphenol and from 1.2 to 2 amino equivalents of hexamethylene tetramine per mole of the substituted succinic anhydride.

Dispersing additive compositions for lubricating oils and their

Copolymers with nitrogen groups are used as additives to lower the cloud point of middle distillates such as gas oils. They are obtained by reacting a compound having a primary amine group with a copolymer comprising from 20 to 40% of recurrent units from a linear .alpha.-olefin, from 30 to 70% of recurrent units from an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic compound, from 5 to 30% of recurrent units from an alkyl ester of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, and from 5 to 15% of recurrent units from styrene or a styrene derivative. These additives also improve the limit filterability temperature and the pour point of the middle distillates.

Copolymers with nitrogen groups, useful as additives for decreasing the

A method of operating a heat pump or a thermal engine with the vaporization and the condensation of a heat transfer fluid. The fluid is a chlorofluorinated hydrocarbon with 2 or 3 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, at least one chlorine atom per molecule and at most one chlorine atom per carbon atom, with the remainder consisting of fluorine, and said fluid having a critical temperature of at least 140.degree. C.

Method of operating a heat pump or a thermal engine with a

There are disclosed lubricating compositions consisting of homogeneous mixtures of:

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Charbonniere les Bains, France

Jacques Denis