Hewlett-packard Development Company, L.P.

Peridot Print LLC

Other

Jacob Wright

Graciela Emma Negri Jimenez

Shannon Reuben Woodruff

Alexey S Kabalnov

Emre Hiro Discekici

David Herbert Donovan

Bernardo A Gutierrez

Erica Montei Fung

Andrew E Fitzhugh

Michael A Novick

Lihua Zhao

Matthew Allen Shepherd

Ali Emamjomeh

Hector Jose Lebron

Stephen G Rudisill

Carolin Fleischmann

Geoffrey Schmid

Vanessa Verzwyvelt

Vladek P Kasperchik

Jan Morovic

Peter Morovic

Tienteh Chen

James William Stasiak

Nathan McPherson Moroney

Sergio Puigardeu Aramendia

Greg Scott Long

Morgan Thomas Schramm

Ingeborg Tastl

Thomas Michael Sabo

Jesiska Tandy

Glenn Thomas Haddick

Dennis J Schissler

Alay Yemane

Kenneth Flack

Xin Cheng

Katrina Donovan

Behrang Khorsandian

The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent, a hydrophobizing agent, and a hydrophilizing agent. The fusing agent can include water and an electromagnetic radiation absorber, wherein the electromagnetic radiation absorber absorbs radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat. The hydrophobizing agent can include water and a hydrophobic additive including a first polymer having a hydrophobic group, a monomer that is polymerizable to form a first polymer having a hydrophobic group, or a combination thereof. The hydrophilizing agent can include water and a hydrophilic additive including a second polymer having a hydrophilic group.

Three-dimensional printing with hydrophobizing and hydrophilizing agents

This disclosure describes hydrogel three-dimensional printing kits, methods of three-dimensional printing hydrogels, and hydrogel three-dimensional printing systems. In one example, a hydrogel three-dimensional printing kit can include a particulate build material and an aqueous agent. The particulate build material can include from about 90 wt % to 100 wt % of a mixture of a powdered polyhydroxylated swellable polymer dry blended with powdered water-soluble crosslinker that is reactive with hydroxyl groups of the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer to crosslink the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer. The aqueous agent can include water and an organic co-solvent, and the aqueous agent may not include the crosslinker.

Hydrogel three-dimensional printing with self-crosslinking particulate build material

A multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a tinted anti-coalescing agent. The fusing agent can include water and an electromagnetic radiation absorber that absorbs radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat. The tinted anti-coalescing agent can include an aqueous liquid vehicle, a colored dye dissolved in the aqueous liquid vehicle, and a polyelectrolyte. The polyelectrolyte can have a weight average molecular weight from about 1,000 Mw to about 8,000 Mw, the polyelectrolyte can be water-absorbent at a water to polyelectrolyte weight ratio from about 2:1 to about 1,000:1, and about 90 wt % to 100 wt % of the polyelectrolyte can be dissolved in the aqueous liquid vehicle.

Three-dimensional printing with tinted anti-coalescing agents

This disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of testing powder bed material for contamination. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a detector solution. The fusing agent can include water, an electromagnetic radiation absorber, and a first pigment reactant. The electromagnetic radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The detector solution can include water and a second pigment reactant. The second pigment reactant can be reactive with the first pigment reactant to form a colored pigment.

Three-dimensional printing with detector solutions

The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of making three-dimensional printed objects. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a tinted anti-coalescing agent. The fusing agent can include water and an electromagnetic radiation absorber that absorbs radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat. The tinted anti-coalescing agent can include an aqueous liquid vehicle, a colored dye dissolved in the aqueous liquid vehicle, and an organosilane. The organosilane can have a central silicon atom covalently coupled to multiple hydrolysable groups and to an organic group by covalent bonding to a carbon atom in the organic group, wherein the organic group is not susceptible to hydrolysis.

A multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing includes a fusing agent and a fluorescing detailing agent. The fusing agent includes water and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber absorbs radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat. The fluorescing detailing agent includes water and a fluorescent colorant that is active by exposure to ultraviolet energy to emit light in the visible range of from about 400 nm to about 780 nm. The multi-fluid kit is devoid of a second detailing agent and a second fluorescent colorant.

Three-dimensional printing

An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer having a surface energy density greater than 41 mN/m. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer in the at least the portion.

This disclosure describes hydrogel three-dimensional printing kits, methods of three-dimensional printing hydrogels, and hydrogel three-dimensional printing systems. In one example, a hydrogel three-dimensional printing kit can include a particulate build material, a crosslinking agent, a whitening agent, and a coloring agent. The particulate build material can include a polyhydroxylated swellable polymer. The crosslinking agent can include water and a crosslinker that is reactive with hydroxyl groups of the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer to crosslink the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer. The whitening agent can include water and a dispersed white pigment. The coloring agent can include water and a colorant.

Hydrogel three-dimensional printing

Disclosed herein are kits, methods, systems, and compositions for threedimensional printing. In an example, disclosed herein is a multi-fluid kit for threedimensional printing comprising: a marking agent comprising a marking component which is a fluorescent color agent that is activated by ultraviolet radiation to emit light in the visible range of from about 400 nm to about 780 nm; a first fusing agent; a second fusing agent different from the first fusing agent; and a detailing agent.

A multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent with water and a radiation absorber, and a detailing agent. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat. The detailing agent can include water and from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % organosilanes based on a total weight of the detailing agent, wherein the organosilanes include an organosilane compound with a central silicon having both a water-solubilizing group and multiple hydrolyzable groups attached thereto.

According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory on which are stored machine-readable instructions that when executed by the processor, may cause the processor to identify a property of a portion of a three-dimensional (3D) part to be fabricated and determine, based on the identified property, a thermal value associated with the portion. The instructions may also cause the processor to, based on the determined thermal value, determine a first agent composition to be used to fabricate the portion and determine a second agent composition to be used to fabricate a section external and adjacent to the portion, in which the first agent composition and the second agent composition may be determined to cause the portion and the external section to be fabricated to have the identified property while maintaining the external section separate from the portion.

Agent composition determination based on thermal values

According to examples described herein, methods, compositions, and agents comprising an antistatic agent are described. According to one example, a fusing agent composition for three-dimensional printing can comprise: at least one antistatic agent in an amount of from about 0.01 wt % to about 20 wt % based on a total weight of the fusing agent composition, at least one near infrared absorbing compound, at least one surfactant, at least one organic solvent, and water.

In an example, a method includes receiving object model data describing at least a portion of an object to be generated by additive manufacturing. Object generation instructions for generating the object in its entirety may be derived based on the object model data. Where it is determined that the object model data comprises a data deficiency for deriving the object generation instructions, at least one attribute for the object may be inferred and object generation instructions may be derived based on the object model data and the inferred attribute.

Inferring object attributes

According to examples described herein, methods, compositions, and parts comprising an antistatic agent are described. According to one example, a method of three-dimensional printing can comprise: (i) a layer of build material being deposited; (ii) a first fusing agent being selectively applied on the build material, wherein the first fusing agent can comprise at least one first antistatic agent; and (iii) repetition of (i) and (ii) at least once to form a core of a three-dimensional part.

An example of an anti-coalescing agent for a three-dimensional (3D) printing process includes a vehicle and an anti-coalescing polymer dispersed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes a co-solvent, a surfactant, a humectant, and water. The anti-coalescing polymer has a mean particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 195 nm, and the anti-coalescing polymer is to coat polymeric build material particles to prevent the polymeric build material particles from coalescing during electromagnetic radiation exposure of the 3D printing process.

Growing community of inventors

San Diego, CA, United States of America

Jacob Wright