Nokia Technologies Oy

Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy

Jaakko Eino Ilmari Vihriälä

Olli Piirainen

Keeth Saliya Jayasinghe

Markus Myllylä

Sivarama Venkatesan

Olli Juhani Piirainen

This specification relates to systems and methods for determining eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a covariance matrix, for example for use in eigen-beamforming in MIMO systems. According to a first aspect of this specification, there is describes a method comprising: receiving an input covariance matrix; and determining one or more eigenvalues and/or eigenvectors of the matrix iteratively using gradient ascent, wherein each iteration of the gradient ascent has a step size, μ, that maximises a Rayleigh quotient along the gradient.

Eigen decomposition by gradient ascent

Identification of communication participants may be an important aspect of various communication systems. For example, fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems may benefit from suitable recipient identification. A method can include obtaining data bits to be communicated to a target device. The method can also include obtaining identification bits corresponding to at least one of sender or receiver of the data bits. The method can further include multiplexing the data bits with the identification bits.

Recipient identification for fifth generation communication

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Oulu, Finland

Jaakko Eino Ilmari Vihriälä