Tennessee Valley Authority

J C Mickus

Cecil P Harrison

Cullen G Tittle

An improved process for more economically and effectively producing crystalline by-product ammonium sulfate (A/S) by granulating crystalline by-product A/S feedstock and recycle material together with an A/S-sulfuric acid-granulation aid-particle hardener solution and ammonia to bind the crystals together. Underlying the gist of the improvement concept is the identification of a low-cost readily available lignosulfonate by-product of the pulp and paper industry which, when used in predetermined and relatively small proportions, has now been discovered to be very satisfactory as a granulation aid-particle hardener for granulating such by-product ammonium sulfate crystals. Use of lignosulfonate instead of alum, as is currently practiced, reduces the manufacturing cost of granulating by-product ammonium sulfate by about as much as one dollar per short ton of product.

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Bloomington, MN, United States of America

J C Mickus