University of California

Other

Ilya M Vitebskiy

Aleksandr Figotin

Joseph P Quinn

Alexander Wayne Gordon

Alexander Figotin

Vadim Popovich

Gennady Stetsenko

Stanislav Molchanov

Nicholas Stavrakas

Provided herein are photonic devices configured to display photonic band gap structure with a degenerate or a split band edge. Electromagnetic radiation incident upon these photonic devices can be converted into a frozen mode characterized by a significantly increased amplitude, as compared to that of the incident wave. The device can also be configured as a resonance cavity with a giant transmission band edge resonance. In an exemplary embodiment, the photonic device is a periodic layered structure with each unit cell comprising at least two anisotropic layers with misaligned anisotropy. The degenerate or split band edge at a given frequency can be achieved by proper choice of the layers' thicknesses and the misalignment angle. In another embodiment, the photonic device is configured as a waveguide periodically modulated along its axis.

Photonic devices having degenerate or split spectral band edges and methods for using the same

Provided herein are photonic devices configured to display photonic band gap structure with a degenerate band edge. Electromagnetic radiation incident upon these photonic devices can be converted into a frozen mode characterized by a significantly increased amplitude, as compared to that of the incident wave. The device can also be configured as a resonance cavity with a giant transmission band edge resonance. In an exemplary embodiment, the photonic device is a periodic layered structure with each unit cell comprising at least two anisotropic layers with misaligned anisotropy. The degenerate band edge at given frequency can be achieved by paper choice of the layers' thicknesses and the misalignment angle. In another embodiment, the photonic device is configured as a waveguide periodically modulated along its axis.

Photonic devices having degenerate spectral band edges and methods for using the same

Provided herein are photonic devices configured to display photonic band gap structure with a degenerate band edge. Electromagnetic radiation incident upon these photonic devices can be converted into a frozen mode characterized by a significantly increased amplitude, as compared to that of the incident wave. The device can also be configured as a resonance cavity with a giant transmission band edge resonance. In an exemplary embodiment, the photonic device is a periodic layered structure with each unit cell comprising at least two anisotropic layers with misaligned anisotropy. The degenerate band edge at given frequency can be achieved by proper choice of the layers' thicknesses and the misalignment angle. In another embodiment, the photonic device is configured as a waveguide periodically modulated along its axis.

Photonic devices having degenerate spectral band edges and methods of using the same

Systems and methods are provided that allow transmission of an electromagnetic wave in and through a periodic multilayered photonic device. The photonic device preferably is a periodic stack of plane-parallel layers with at least one them displaying dielectric anisotropy with a principle anisotropic axis forming an oblique angle with the normal to the layers. The wave obliquely incident on the surface of the device can be almost completely converted into an axially frozen mode characterized by a significantly increased amplitude, decreased group velocity normal to the incident surface and increased energy flux substantially tangential to the incident surface. The photonic device can be used in numerous applications over a wide range of frequencies up to and including the ultraviolet spectrum. The photonic device can be further configured with a deflection device which substantially increases the operational frequency range of the photonic device.

Systems and methods for transmitting electromagnetic energy in a photonic device

The present invention is an apparatus and a method for generation of random numbers. The apparatus comprises an alpha-radiation source, such as Am 241, for which the decay product produces no secondary radiation with the energy equal or higher than that of the prime alpha radiation. The alpha particles emitted by the isotope and having reached the detector have a narrow energy spectrum and, hence, produce identical electrical pulses in a detector. An alpha-particle detection system is provided which includes a differential discriminator in combination with a logical selector. This combination of elements allows a positive identification of individual events of alpha-decay in the alpha-radiation source to be made and filters out any other signals produced by different radiation sources both inside and outside the apparatus. An electronic unit processes the stream of identical electric pulses into a stream of random numbers. The digital output of the physical random number generator will be completely free of correlations usually present in the output of other physical sources of random numbers and associated with: a) the physical source of randomness; b) the electronic circuitry; and c) outside and inside electromagnetic and other interference.

Random number generator based on the spontaneous alpha-decay

An unidirectional gyrotropic photonic crystal allows electromagnetic wave propagation in a certain direction at a certain frequency and, at the same time, impedes electromagnetic wave propagation in the opposite direction. The electromagnetic wave with impeded propagation, called the &ldquo;frozen mode&rdquo;, ideally has zero group velocity and does not transfer the electromagnetic energy. A unidirectional gyrotropic photonic crystal is a periodic composite, incorporating a component displaying Faraday rotation. The property of unidirectionality can be achieved in gyrotropic photonic crystals by proper choices of constituents and their space arrangement. The invention can be used to enhance the capability and performance of microwave, millimeter wave, and submillimeter wave antennas, delay lines, nonlinear and nonreciprocal elements. It can also be used in integrated microwave circuitry.

Growing community of inventors

Irvine, CA, United States of America

Ilya M Vitebskiy