Olin Corporation

Other

Igor V Kadija

Kenneth E Woodard, Jr

David D Justice

Edward F Smith

Byung K Ahn

Reza Haque

Joseph Winter

Julius C Fister

Arvind Parthasarathi

Harshad M Patel

Jimmy M French

Paul M Waxelbaum

James E Oxley

The present invention relates to an addition to tin coating solutions for inhibiting the growth of tin whiskers. The addition comprises a concentration of a metal salt selected from the group consisting of palladium salt, silver salt, nickel salt, iron salt, cadmium salt, platinum salt, gold salt, indium salt, ruthenium salt and cobalt salt. In a preferred embodiment, the metal salt addition is either a palladium salt such as palladium chloride or a silver salt such as silver sulfate.

Whisker resistant tin coatings and baths and methods for making such

A one-step plasma treatment for improving the laminate adhesion of metallic and non-metallic substrates is described. The treatment comprises forming a plasma of a polar containing organic species and at least one of nitrogen and hydrogen and exposing a substrate material to the plasma for a period of time sufficient to deposit a polymeric film on at least one surface. In a preferred embodiment, a plasma of an azole, nitrogen and/or hydrogen is utilized. The process has particular utility in forming adherent polymeric films on one or more surfaces of copper and copper alloy foils to be used in printed circuit applications.

One-step plasma treatment of copper foils to increase their laminate

An improved reticulate electrode is produced by coating only one surface with a hydrophobic coating agent. Suitable hydrophobic coating agents include thermoplastic polymers such as polyolefins, polyhaloolefins, polyarylene sulfides and sulfone polymers. A preferred embodiment of the reticulate electrode is produced in a method which comprises:

Reticulate electrode for electrolytic cells

A porous diaphragm for an electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of alkali metal halides is comprised of a thermoplastic support fabric impregnated with particles of a siliceous composition. The thermoplastic support fabric has an anode side, a cathode side opposite the anode side, and a thickness of at least 0.3 millimeters. The cathode side has a greater hydrophobicity than the anode side. To provide greater hydrophobicity which results in controlled, reduced cell voltages, for example, the cathode side of the support fabric is treated with an oxidizing agent.

Porous diaphragms for electrolytic cells having non-uniform

An electrolytic cell is described for continuously producing multivalent metals, in particular titanium and titanium alloys. The cell is physically separated into a plurality of zones to better control the stepwise reduction of the multivalent metal. To further increase control over the stepwise reduction process, each zone is also provided with a reference electrode for controlling the voltage potential at each cathode. A process for reducing and plating the multivalent metal is also described.

Process and apparatus for continuously producing multivalent metals

A process and apparatus for producing surface treated metal foil is described. The process comprises plating a relatively smooth metal foil onto a cathodic surface and thereafter forming a dendritic layer on the foil and firmly bonding it thereto while the foil is still on the cathodic surface. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises an electrolytic cell containing an electrolyte, a rotating drum cathode at least partially immersed in the electrolyte, at least two primary anodes and a plurality of treatment anodes embedded in one of the primary anodes.

Process and apparatus for producing surface treated metal foil

An electrochemical cell for regenerating temperature sensitive solutions is described. In a preferred construction, the cell comprises a central electrode chamber and two counterelectrode chambers. To maintain the temperature of the electrolyte within a desired temperature range, the electrode in the electrode chamber is formed from at least one hollow tube through which a heat exchange medium flows. In a preferred construction, the electrode comprises a plurality of hollow tubes and a plurality of current collectors bonded to the tubes to form a grid-like structure.

Electrochemical cell and process for manufacturing temperature sensitive

Preparing porous diaphragms for electrolytic cells having non-uniform

An improved reticulate electrode is produced by coating only one surface with a hydrophobic coating agent. Suitable hydrophobic coating agents includes thermoplastic polymers such as polyolefins, polyhalo-olefins, polyarylene sulfides and sulfone polymers. A preferred embodiment of the reticulate electrode is produced in a method which comprises:

An electrode for use in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of ionizable compounds is produced by a method which comprises affixing filaments to a support fabric to form a network of filaments. An electroconductive metal is deposited on the filaments to form metal coated filaments. During the metal deposition, interfilament bonding takes place at contact sites between adjacent filaments. Removing the support fabric from the metal coated filament network produces a reticulate electrode having a porosity of at least about 80 percent. The three dimensional electrodes are highly conductive, have high internal surface area, and are mechanically strong.

Method for producing a reticulate electrode for electrolytic cells

A current distributor for an electrode for an electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of ionic compounds is provided which comprises an electrically conductive material having a front surface comprised of a plurality of electrode-engaging means projecting from it for attachment to a foraminous electrode. The rear surface of the current collector is suitable for attachment to an electrical conductor. The novel current distributors are particularly suitable for use with reticulate electrodes.

Method for producing reticulate electrodes for electrolytic cells

A novel electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal chlorides which comprises a cell housing containing a pair of electrodes of opposite polarity. A hydraulically impermeable ion exchange membrane is positioned between and separates the pair of electrodes. At least one of the electrodes comprises a reticulate electrode where the reticulate electrode is in contact with the membrane. Means are provided for applying an electric potential to the electrodes. The reticulate electrode in contact with the hydraulically impermeable membrane forms a composite structure which substantially eliminates the gap between the electrode and the membrane. Employing the novel electrolytic cells for the electrolysis of alkali metal halide solutions results in reduced cell voltages and electrical power consumption. The reticulate electrodes used allow significant reductions in material costs and have increased surface area.

Electrolytic cell having a composite electrode-membrane structure

An electrolyte permeable diaphragm for use in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of ionizable compounds in electrolytic cells is comprised of a thermoplastic polymer coated with a fluorochemical resin water repellent. The diaphragms are physically and chemically stable and possess suitable ion and liquid transfer properties.

Coated thermoplastic polymer diaphragms and a method for their

An electrochemical oxidation treatment for monolithic cathode structures having a Beta phase Raney nickel alloy surface thereon is disclosed. When a freshly leached structure is made the anode in an electrochemical cell, which is operated at a current density of between about 40 and about 60 mA/cm.sup.2 until the polarization voltage is reduced from the open circuit value of about -1250 mV by about 500 to about 700 mV, the treated structure is free of subsequent problems with pyrophoricity. Cathodic structures treated this way show substantially no difference in hydrogen overvoltage characteristics and long-term stabilities when compared to chemically depyrophoricized materials of the same composition and structure.

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Cleveland, TN, United States of America

Igor V Kadija