Monsanto Company

Ignatius Schumacher

Albert W Morgan

William Vanderlinde

Kang-bo Wang

James E White

Paul J Stoffel

Catalysts useful to catalyze the nitration of aromatic compounds in the vapor phase to produce nitroaromatic compounds are prepared by contacting a Group 4b-Group 3b metal oxide composition represented by the empirical formula:

Process for preparing vapor phase nitration catalysts

Catalysts comprising the adduct of a Group 4b-Group 3b metal oxide composition represented by the empirical formula:

Vapor phase nitration catalysts

Aromatic compounds are nitrated in the vapor phase via a process comprising contacting the aromatic compounds with a nitrating agent in the presence of a nitration promoting catalyst composition represented by the empirical formula:

Vapor phase nitration of aromatic compounds

Aromatic compounds are nitrated in the vapor phase via a process comprising contacting the aromatic compounds with a nitrating agent in the presence of a nitration promoting catalyst comprising the adduct of a Group 4b-Group 3b metal oxide composition represented by the empirical formula:

Catalysts compositions useful to catalyze the nitration of aromatic compounds in the vapor phase to produce nitroaromatic compounds are represented by the empirical formula:

Aromatic hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of benzene and toluene are nitrated in the vapor phase at temperatures between about 80.degree. C. and about 190.degree. C. in the presence of a molecular sieve catalyst.

Vapor phase nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons

Aromatic compounds are nitrated in the vapor phase via a process comprising contacting the aromatic compound with a nitrating agent in the presence of a nitration promotion catalyst which comprises the adduct of:

Catalyst compositions are prepared by contacting an alumina-silica-metal oxide combination represented by the formula:

Catalysts

Aromatic compounds are nitrated in the vapor phase via a process comprising contacting the aromatic compound with a nitrating agent in the presence of a nitration promoting catalyst comprising a phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen complex.

Compounds of the formulas ##STR1## WHEREIN: X represents oxygen or sulfur;

Phosphoroamidates

Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: Z represents a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl or aryl radicals;

Flame retardant phosphoramidate compositions

Flame retardant polymer compositions

The prior art discloses a number of polymerization inhibitors for acrylic acid, acrylates and derivatives thereof, but such polymerization inhibitors have low vapor pressures. Consequently, when acrylic acid is vaporized, it tends to polymerize on cooling surfaces causing undesirable deposits on storage vessels and the like. However, when a polymerization inhibiting amount of 2,4-pentanedione is added to the monomer, the polymerization of acrylic acid on cooling surfaces is inhibited.

Acrylic polymerization inhibition

The growth of vegetation is controlled by subjecting the vegetation to the phytotoxic effects of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is selected from the class consisting of oxygen and sulfur; wherein Z and Z' are each selected from the class consisting of oxo (&gt;C.dbd. O) and oxy (--O--), provided that Z and Z' are different; wherein R is alkyl of not more than four carbon atoms; wherein X is selected from the class consisting of alkyl of not more than four carbon atoms, alkoxy of not more than four carbon atoms and nitro; wherein n is an integer from zero to three; and wherein m is an integer from zero to one.

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Ballwin, MO, United States of America

Ignatius Schumacher