Xerox Corporation

Hui Chang

Joseph L Leonardo

Joo T Chung

John J Ianni

Hadi K Mahabadi

Mark E Mang

Gerald R Allison

John R Laing

Michael Steven Hawkins

Dongming Li

J Stephen Kittelberger

Sheau V Kao

Jeffrey H Sokol

Scott M Silence

Paul Joseph Gerroir

Enno Eric Agur

Bernard Grushkin

Timothy L Lincoln

John G Ruhland

Yelena Lipovetskaya

Michael G Hawkins

Yvonne M Kenney

Jennifer E Dewan

Chieh-Min Cheng

Samir Kumar

Juan A Morales-Tirado

Eugene Frederick Young

Edward J Gutman

William H Hollenbaugh, Jr

Angelo J Barbetta

James M Proper

Michael L Grande

Gerardo Leute

D Paul Casalmir

Amy L Stamp

Victor Berko-Boateng

Paul Lynn Jacobs

Gerald Philip Cox

Susan J Lafica

Richard D Manca

Gary A Minagawa

Dennis J O'Keefe

Robert Heim

Mit G Turakhia

Louis Joseph Kurtic, Jr

Maria E McCall

Laura A Williams

Linda A Flannery

Allison G Thomas

Nilmarie Santos-Roman

Daniel Andrew Harrington

Kiran B Sheth

Robert Edward Lutz

The presently disclosed embodiments relate in general to toners for use in electrophotographic apparatuses, such as printers and copiers. More particularly, a toner formulation of at least one binder, at least one colorant, and an embrittling agent, and methods for making the same, is provided wherein the embrittling agent increases grinding rate of the toner formulation.

Toner additives

A toner having a high strength magnetite in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 weight percent, wherein the magnetite includes a material selected from the group consisting of FeO, FeO, FeO, gamma iron oxides, cobalt-gamma iron oxides, and mixtures thereof, and further including a developer having a carrier and toner as just described.

Toner with high strength magnetite

Processes for continuously forming latex emulsions and preparing toners with said emulsions are provided.

Toner processes

A waste toner reclamation process includes collecting waste toner, screening the collected waste toner, meltmixing the screened waste toner with a second toner, and extruding, grinding and classifying the mixed toner product, wherein the collected waste toner comprises a mixture of different colored toner particles.

Process for producing toner

Toner particles are prepared by a process comprising providing an extrusion apparatus; adding resin particles and additive particles to a supply means in the extrusion apparatus; adding the resin particles and the additive particles to a blending chamber in the extrusion apparatus, which blending chamber is maintained at a temperature of from about 50&#xb0; C. to about 120&#xb0; C.; blending the resin particles and the additive particles to form a mixture; extruding the resin particles to form extruded material; injecting liquid substances, which have a lower boiling point than the melt temperature of the resin particles, into the blending chamber during extrusion without the application of a vacuum to remove the liquid substances prior to extrusion; and grinding the extruded material to form toner particles.

Process for preparing toner particles and toner particles

A toner that contains resin, colorant, wax and an aromatic hydrocarbon compatibilizer.

Toner compositions

A process including: introducing and continuously melt mixing in an extruder a mixture of a first resin feed and a second resin feed; measuring within the extruder the melt rheology of the resulting melt mixture of the first and second resins; determining the relative ratio of the first resin and a second resin from the melt rheology in the resulting melt mixture; and adjusting the relative feed ratio of the first resin and second resin feeds introduced to the extruder.

Method for controlling melt rheology of resin mixtures

Cross-linked toner resin having linear portions and cross-linked portions of high density microgel particles, where the toner resin is an unsaturated polyester resin, is prepared using a liquid chemical initiator such as 1,1-bis(t-butyl peroxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane so that the cross-linked resin achieved contains less than 0.20 percent by weight of acids. In particular, the cross-linked toner resin is free of benzoic acid. The method of making the cross-linked toner resin includes (a) spraying the liquid chemical initiator onto the unsaturated polyester resin prior to, during or subsequent to melting of the unsaturated polyester resin to form a polymer melt; and (b) subsequently cross-linking the polymer melt under high shear to form the cross-linked toner resin.

Cross-linked polyester toners and process of making such toners

A toner having a high colorant concentration and a binder resin that includes a polyester resin having linear portions and crosslinked portions of high density crosslinked microgel particles has a melt flow index value of about 11&plusmn;MFI units. The binder resin may also include a mixture of two polyester resins having different MFI values.

Toner binder of polyester having a high melt flow index and toners therefrom

A method of forming a toner having controlled properties for use in a developer composition finding particular use in a hybrid scavengeless development scheme includes feeding at least one binder and at least one colorant into a mixing device at a feed ratio, upon exit of the mixture from the mixing device, monitoring one or more properties of the mixture with at least one monitoring device, wherein if the monitoring indicates that the one or more properties being monitored is out of specification, removing the monitored mixture from the method and adjusting the feed ratio by adjusting the feeding of the at least one binder or of the at least one colorant, thereby retaining in-specification mixture in the method. The in-specification toner is ground, optionally together with a portion of one or more external additives, classified, and mixed with one or more external additives to obtain the toner having controlled properties.

Toner and developer providing offset lithography print quality

A process involving: collecting waste toner; screening the collected waste toner; melt mixing the screened waste toner with a second toner, and grinding and classifying the melt mixed toner product.

An apparatus for the preparation of a mixture of toner resin and initiator, to form a toner resin or toner mixture including cross-linked microgel particles is provided. The apparatus includes a toner extruder having the resin being conveyed therethrough and an adder for adding the initiator to the toner resin in the toner extruder to form the toner resin or mixture. The apparatus also includes a measurer for measuring the cross-linked microgel particles in the toner mixture substantially immediately after mixing in the toner extruder and transmitting a signal indicative of the quantity of cross-linked microgel particles in the toner resin or mixture. The apparatus also includes a controller for controlling the addition rate of initiator in response to the signals from the measurer.

Feedback control system for polymer modification of toner resins and

A process for the preparation of pigmented toner compositions comprising: a) forming at a first temperature, a first melt mixture comprised of a partially crosslinked thermoplastic resin, pigment, optionally a wax, and optional additives, wherein the partially crosslinked thermoplastic resin is comprised of a mixture of crosslinked resin macrogel particles, crosslinked resin microgel particles, and uncrosslinked resin; and b) melt mixing at a second temperature, the first melt mixture to form a second mixture, wherein the macrogel particles are partially converted into microgel particles, and wherein the second temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature.

Processes for preparing toner

A one step process for the preparation of toner compositions which comprises adding to an extruder a base resin, initiator, pigment, and optional charge enhancing additive; effecting crosslinking of the base resin in the extruder to provide a toner comprising a pigment, optional charge additive and crosslinked resin comprising linear portions and crosslinked portions; and wherein said crosslinked portions are comprised of densely crosslinked microgel particles.

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Pittsford, NY, United States of America

Hui Chang