Eastman-kodak Company

Howard M Low

John Robert Monnier

David J Steklenski

Donald A Upson

Pranab Bagchi

Gerald W Phillips

Stephen A Godleski

Melvin D Sterman

Peter J Muehlbauer

Lynda W McGarry

Laughlin G McCullough

Disclosed are processes for the isomerization of epoxyalkenes to dihydrofurans by contacting an epoxyalkene with a catalyst comprising a quaternary organic onium iodide compounds, optionally deposited on a non-acidic support and/or in combination with a Lewis acid co-catalyst. The catalyst may comprise a supported catalyst, an unsupported catalyst or a solution of the catalytically-active components in an inert, organic solvent.

Isomerization of epoxyalkenes to 2,5-dihydrofurans

Crotonaldehyde is produced by contacting 3,4-epoxybutene, i.e. butadiene monoxide, with a halide-containing catalyst such as a hydrogen halide or metal halide. The process is preferably conducted in the vapor phase. Other unsaturated aldehydes can be produced from other unsaturated terminal epoxides.

Preparation of aldehydes from unsaturated terminal epoxides

Crotoaldehyde is produced by contacting butadiene monoxide with a metal oxide, mixed metal oxide, or mixture of metal oxides. The process is preferably conducted in the vapor phase. Other unsaturated aldehydes can be prepared from other unsaturated terminal epoxides.

A photographic element comprising a support having thereon a gelatin-containing layer, and a matting agent comprising polymer particles covalently bonded to the gelatin in the layer. The polymer particles may be individually covered with gelatin that is covalently bonded thereto and the gelatin that is covalently bonded to the particles may be cross-linked with the gelatin in the layer. There is also provided a process of preparing a photographic element comprising a matting agent and a layer comprising gelatin. In this process, the gelatin layer is coated onto a support, at least partially dried, and polymer particles are applied to the layer. The polymer particles are then covalently bonded to the gelatin in the layer.

Photographic element having polymer particles covalently bonded to

Novel acrylonitrile copolymers

Acrylonitrile copolymers as protective overcoats in photographic elements

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Rochester, NY, United States of America

Howard M Low