W.c. Heraeus Gmbh

Texas Instruments Corporation

Hydrometer Gmbh

Heraeus Sensor Gmbh

Prof. Dr. Horst Ziegler Und Partner Gbr

Prof. Dr. Horst Ziegler & Partner Gbr

Ziegler, Horst Prof. Dr.

Horst Ziegler

Horst Behlen

Erich Bayer

Horst Diewald

Franz Prexl

Ulrich Gaugler

Christof Hoentzsch

Hermann Brendecke

Veit Hauptmann

Horst DiplIng Behlen

Ulrike Claudia Ziegler

Martin Andreas Ziegler

Tobias Irmo Ziegler

Andreas Steffens

Horst Dipl-Ing Behlen

An arrangement for signal processing in ultrasonic transducers in flow meters has an ultrasonic transducer acted upon by a drive signal with the ultrasonic transducer being connected to a resonant circuit matched to the frequency of the drive signal. The resonant circuit can be a component of the network which makes switching over the ultrasonic transducer for transmitting operation to a receiving operation possible. An ultrasonic flow meter uses time-of-flight principle for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals and signal post-processing of the received ultrasonic signals. To make available an ultrasonic flow meter that produces an improved quality voltage signal for evaluation and at the same time makes possible a reduction of its production costs, a ringing circuit is provided. The ringing circuit may be a series ringing circuit for signal post-processing of the received ultrasonic signals connected to a comparator and using an LC-circuit, a Pi-filter or an RLC-circuit.

Converter control with LC filtering

A clock generator contains a reference oscillator (10), a digital closed delay chain (12), a digital frequency divider (14) and a digital phase comparator (16). The frequency divider (14) is connected between the output of the adjustable delay chain (12) and one input of the phase comparator (16). The output of the reference oscillator (10) is connected to a further input of the phase comparator (16). Between the output of the phase comparator (16) and the delay chain (12) a digital up-down counter (18) is connected, the counting direction of which is determined by the output signal of the phase comparator (16) and by means of which the corresponding length of the delay chain (12) is adjustable.

Clock generator and phase comparator for use in such a clock generator

Gas thermometer

In a digital remote-sensing system, in which the time intervals between pulses are modulated according to the value of the parameter being measured, an overly sensitive sensing element 30 may generate a pulse outside of the desired 'time window', which might then be misinterpreted. To avoid this, the sensitivity of such a digital sensing element 30, generating a frequency-modulated signal, can be reduced without intrusion into the actual sensor 32, by 'thinning' the output pulses of the digital sensing element 30 with pulses of constant frequency. In the case of a sensor which, after receipt of a start-pulse, generates one or more measurement pulses, this is accomplished by specifying a part of the pulse-period in a timing stage 44, which operates in dependence on a constant-frequency auxiliary oscillator 46. The timing stage's output signal makes conductive a gating circuit 36, disposed between sensing element 30 and a downstream frequency divider 38-42, which generates the measurement pulses.

Pulse-generating sensor unit for remote sensing system

The principal surfaces of an oscillator quartz crystal body for a temperature sensor oscillator are plane, parallel and of substantially the same size and are oriented with respect to the usual x-y-z coordinate system of electric, mechanical and optic axes so that the angle .phi. of the electric (x) axis with respect to either of these planes lies within a tolerance range extending from +1.degree. to -1.degree., while the angle .theta. of the optic (z) axis with respect to either of these plane lies either in the 3.degree.-6.degree. range or in the 68.degree.-72.degree. range. Since in the regions of .theta.=4.degree. and .theta.=70.degree. the change of the temperature coefficient with variation of the angle .theta. is relatively slight, because of the respective presence of a maximum and a minimum of the temperature coefficient in these ranges, quartz oscillator crystals of the orientation above-defined can be mass-produced within industrially convenient mechanical tolerance ranges with practically identical temperature coefficients.

Temperature sensitive quartz oscillator crystal with temperature

A temperature remote-measurement system features a central evaluation unit 10 for all measuring points connected to two conductors 12, 14, forming a main data bus. In the embodiment shown, three addressable bus switches 18-1, 18-2, and 18-3 are connected to the data bus. To each bus switch 18 are connected respective conductors 26, 28. These together form an auxiliary bus, which is either connected to, or disconnected from, the main data bus formed by conductors 12, 14, depending upon the position of breaker 20. To the auxiliary buses formed by conductors 26, 28 are connected sensing units 32-38, which can modulate (as measurement pulses) the current carried by the conductors 26, 28 and which respond to specific voltage pulses (control pulses) generated by the control unit 10 and carried over these conductors. Each of the sensing units 32-28 has a temperature sensor 39, a pulse generator 40 controlled by the frequency of the sensor output signal, and a switching stage 41 activated by the sensor signal, so that the sensing unit altogether generates a sequence of pulses, whose interval represents the temperature at the sensing unit. The system also includes a modulator 58 which uses at least one of pulse width modulation and pulse amplitude modulation.

System for remote sensing of a physical parameter

An electronic thermometer has an oscillator, the frequency determining element of which is a temperature sensitive piezoelectric element (2), used as a measuring sensor, which is located inside a sealed housing (3). The piezoelectric element is provided with two termial electrodes (4, 5) which are galvanically separated from the oscillator circuit bia an inductively coupled pair of coils (6, 7); the coil (6) connected to the terminal electrodes is tightly encompassed by the housing. An evaluation unit (10) for detecting the temperature is connected to the oscillator circuit.

Electronic thermometer

An electronic thermometer has an oscillator, the frequency determining element of which is a temperature sensitive piezoelectric element, used as a measuring sensor, which is located in a sealed housing of electrically insulating material. The piezoelectric element is provided with two terminal electrodes, which are each connected via a respective capacitor to the oscillator circuit, and each of the two capacitors has electrodes, one located inside and one located outside the housing.

Temperature measurement is effectively carried out by converting pulses derived from a pulse generator, in which the pulse gaps change as a result of a measured condition, for example temperature, by converting electrical pulses received from the pulse generator into light pulses, and then evaluating the light pulses with respect to a clock rate in a counter (22). The light pulses can readily be transmitted via a light pickup (9b) and fiber optic or the like (9a) to a remote evaluation unit. Preferably, the light is generated by a light emitting diode or a laser diode (8'), serially connected with a switching transistor (13') and energized upon receipt of a pulse from the pulse generator. The arrangement permits use of a piezoelectric element (2) such as a frequency determining quartz to control the frequency of an oscillator, the frequency of which is then converted into the pulses with the respective pulse gaps.

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Paderborn, Germany

Horst Ziegler