Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh

Ernst Leitz G.m.b.h.

Horst Schmidt

Knut Heitmann

Eckart Schneider

Ludwig Leitz

Walter Mandler

A panoramic view apparatus comprising a tube, a lookout mirror supported in the tube and movable in elevation and azimuth, and a closure window that is at least bispectrally transparent. In the tube, at least three known types of different optical measuring and observation devices are arranged adjacent each other, and means are provided to guide the output and input radiation for these measuring and observation devices coaxially through the closure window. It is possible to superpose upon each other the images from measuring and observation devices operating through different physical effects.

Panoramic view apparatus

Disclosed is a device for the photoelectric determination of the position of a focal plane of an image with an optical correlator. The invention comprises an imaging system, a grating structure located in the focal plane of the imaging system to function as a spatial frequency filter and a photoelectric receiver system. Light fluxes originating from an unknown object pass through the imaging system, and are modulated by the spatial frequency filter with the resulting light fluxes being converted into a display or control signal. The device includes an optical sensor for responding to mechanical or thermal variations which could affect the light fluxes of the optical correlator and which produces a display or correction signal. The device may be equipped with photoelectric receiver means sensitive to light in different spectral ranges and have means to selectively insert one or the other of the photoelectric receiver means into the optical correlator system. In accordance with the present invention, a catadioptric system is used as the imaging system and the grating structure of the optical correlator is positioned in the focal plane of the catadioptric system.

Device for the photoelectric determination of the position of at least

A method and apparatus for the automatic evaluation of stereoscopic images by the determination of the maximum degree of correlation of identical images of an object reproduced by two objectives, for example for a range finder, wherein the two images are superimposed on one and/or two position frequency filters (82, 21, 31, 32) identical in their structures; the respective superimposed signal produced is fed respectively to one photoelectric receiver (13,14,43,44); and the output signals of the photoelectric receivers are used for indicating and/or control purposes. In one embodiment the position frequency filter (82) is moved and the output signals are correlated with each other. In another embodiment the output signals are subtracted from each other.

Method and apparatus for measuring distances

Apparatus to automatically analyze stereoscopic images comprising the determination of the maximum degree of correlation between two similar images of the same object projected by two objectives, for instance in a rangefinder, wherein the two images are superimposed on one or two spatial frequency filters identical in their structures, and wherein the particular generated superimposition signal, is preferably applied to a particular photoelectric detector and wherein the output signals from the latter are used for display and/or control purposes. The apparatus is improved by a system (20,20',21,21',22-25; 30-34) for generating a reference beam indicating mechanical changes affecting the image position of at least one of the measuring beams, at least one photoelectric detector (28,29;40) being associated with the one reference beam, the output signals from the one detector corresponding to the mechanical changes being used to display and/or correct the changes or the effects of same.

Apparatus for measurement of mechanical aberrations affecting

Apparatus for the photoelectrical determination of the position of at least one focusing plane of an image comprising an imaging optics, at least one spatial frequency filter in the form of a structure or grating mounted in the vicinity of one image plane of said imaging optics, a photoelectric receiver system associated with the filter containing at least one detector and receiving light fluxes leaving this filter, at least one means for generating a relative motion between the structure or grating and the object image, and means for analyzing the output signals from the photoelectric receiver system for distance display and/or focusing of the apparatus. The apparatus is improved by having the imaging optics (10) preceded by wo rhombic prisms (19, 20) so that each pupil half obtains its light through one of the two prisms. A reference beam is provided to show and/or eliminate mechanical changes in the apparatus effecting faultiness of the measuring result.

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Wetzlar, Germany

Horst Schmidt