Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Nihon Kohden Corporation

Hitoshi Sano

Takakuni Kobori

Hiroyuki Fujikawa

Takeshi Hashimoto

Nozomu Komatsu

Ichiro Kanno

Masayuki Hama

Yuto Onozaki

Koh Ishigami

Akifumi Matsubara

Takaho Shibata

Tsubasa Fujisaki

Daisuke Yamashita

Masaharu Miura

Takeshi Ohtsu

Yuichi Mizo

Yosuke Iwasaki

Wakiko Katsumata

Kenta Mitsuiki

Ryo Nakajima

Toru Takahashi

Nobuyoshi Sugahara

Yuu Nishimura

Kazunari Ooyama

Megumi Ikeda

Rei Hijikawa

Hayato Ida

Daisuke Tsujimoto

Shin Kitamura

Kazuki Murata

Kohji Takenaka

Munehito Okada

Tetsuro Tatsuoka

A toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin, a colorant, and inorganic fine particles, in which in a depth profile of an element distribution in a depth region from the outermost surface of a particle to a depth of 500 nm the depth profile being obtained by an element analysis performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using the toner as a sample, two or more minimum points of a concentration of a carbon element in the depth region exist, a concentration of an inorganic element becomes a maximum value at a depth position corresponding to each of the minimum points, and the inorganic element is an element derived from the inorganic fine particle.

Toner

A toner comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin containing at least 50 mass % of a polyester resin, wherein the polyester resin contains a polyester resin A having a silicone segment, and in XPS analysis, when X is a ratio of the number of silicon atoms attributable to silicone segments relative to a total number of measured atoms, X1 is a value of the X on the toner particle surface, X2 is a value of the X at a depth of 30 nm from the surface, Z is a ratio of the number of carbon atoms attributable to ester bonds relative to a total number of measured atoms, Z1 is a value of the Z on the toner particle surface and Z2 is a value of the Z at a depth of 30 nm from the toner particle surface, X1, Z1, X2 and Z2 satisfy a specific relationship.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin including a polyester resin, and a polyolefin resin having a sulfonic acid group, wherein the polyolefin resin having a sulfonic acid group is a polymer in which a vinyl polymer is bonded to a polyolefin, a content ratio of a monomer unit containing a sulfonic acid group in the vinyl polymer is from 1.0 mass % to 20.0 mass %, in a FT-IR spectrum obtained through measurement of a large particle size toner and a small particle size toner resulting from dividing, on a number basis, the toner into two substantially equal parts, a ratio of an intensity of a maximum absorption peak in a range from 1130 cmto 1170 cmwith respect to an intensity of a maximum absorption peak in a range from 1713 cmto 1723 cmexhibits a specific relationship.

A toner including a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a crystalline polyester, wherein the binder resin contains a polyester having a structure represented by the following formula (1): in formula (1), Rs each independently represent hydrogen, a methyl group, or a phenyl group;A represents a polyester segment;B represents a polyester segment or any functional group selected from the group consisting of &#x2014;ROH, &#x2014;RCOOH, and &#x2014;RNHwherein Rrepresents a single bond or a Calkylene group; andthe average repeat number n is 10 to 80.

A toner containing a toner particle that contains a binder resin including a polyester resin, and a polyolefin resin having &#x2014;COOM that is a neutralized carboxy group with a monovalent metal ion M, wherein the polyolefin resin having &#x2014;COOM is a polymer in which a vinyl polymer is bonded to a polyolefin, a content of a monomer unit containing &#x2014;COOM in the polyolefin resin having &#x2014;COOM is 1 to 20 mass %, and in a FT-IR spectrum obtained through measurement of a large particle size-side particle group and a small particle size-side particle group obtained by dividing the toner into two substantially equal parts, on a number basis, a ratio of the intensity of a maximum absorption peak in a range from 1545 cmto 1555 cmwith respect to the intensity of a maximum absorption peak in a range from 1713 cmto 1723 cmexhibits a specific relationship.

Toner and method of producing toner

A toner that is suppressed from deteriorating owing to its long-term use and can maintain high transferability. The toner includes: a toner particle containing an amorphous polyester serving as a binder resin and a polymer A; and inorganic fine particles, wherein the polymer A includes a graft copolymer of a polyolefin and a vinyl-based polymer unit having a carboxylate anion group, and a metal ion having a valence of 2 or more.

A toner comprising a toner particle including a binder resin and a crystalline polyester resin, wherein the binder resin is an amorphous polyester resin having a linear alkyl group at a molecular chain terminal; the crystalline polyester resin is a polycondensate of a diol and a dicarboxylic acid; the number of carbon atoms Cof the linear alkyl group, the number of carbon atoms Cof the diol, and the number of carbon atoms Cof the dicarboxylic acid, excluding carbon that belongs to carboxyl groups, satisfy the following relationships; and a glass transition temperature of the toner as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter is from 40.0&#xb0; C. to 55.0&#xb0; C.8&#x2264;C&#x2264;20&#x2003;&#x2003;(1)C/C&#x2265;3.5 and 0&#x2264;|C&#x2212;C|&#x2264;3&#x2003;&#x2003;(2)C/C&#x2265;3.5 and 0&#x2264;|C&#x2212;C|&#x2264;3&#x2003;&#x2003;(3)

A toner having chargeability and fluidity that do not change to a great extent is provided. The toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and includes inorganic fine particles A, wherein the shape factor SF-2 of primary particles of the inorganic fine particles A is 116 or less, and regarding the particle size distribution on a volume basis of the inorganic fine particles A on the toner particle surfaces, the particle diameter when a cumulative value from the small particle side reaches 16% by volume is denoted as D16, the particle diameter when a cumulative value reaches 50% by volume is denoted as D50, and the particle diameter when a cumulative value reaches 84% by volume is denoted as D84, D50 is 80 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and the particle size distribution indicator A represented by D84/D16 is 1.70 or more and 2.60 or less.

By controlling the migration to the toner particle surface of the crystalline polyester present in the toner particle, a toner is provided that exhibits an excellent durability in long-term use, a stable charging performance after holding in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment, and an excellent low-temperature fixability, in which the toner having a toner particle that contains an amorphous resin, a crystalline polyester, and a wax, wherein the toner particle includes, at the surface thereof, a coat layer containing a cyclic polyolefin resin.

According to the present invention, in a toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin and a low molecular aromatic hydrocarbon, the binder resin contains a polyester resin, at least one kind of a unit derived from an aromatic monocarboxylic acid and a unit derived from an aromatic monoalcohol is contained, and the low molecular aromatic hydrocarbon has 1 or more and 4 or less benzene rings, and has a melting point of 60&#xb0; C. or more and 120&#xb0; C. or less.

A toner comprises a toner particle containing an amorphous polyester, wherein the amorphous polyester contains an amorphous polyester 1, the amorphous polyester contains a tin compound and a titanium compound, a Sn/Ti abundance ratio between Sn and Ti in the amorphous polyester according to x-ray fluorescence analysis is 20/80 to 80/20, and a weight-average molecular weight Mw1 of the amorphous polyester 1 according to measurement by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is Mw1&#x3c;7,000.

A biological signal display apparatus includes: a stimulation unit which performs stimulation on a living body; a measurement unit which measures an evoked response evoked by the stimulation; a calculator which calculates a feature amount of the evoked response; a display unit; and a display controller which, based on the feature amount calculated by the calculator, displays a bar-shaped image on the display unit, each time when the stimulation is performed, the bar-shaped image corresponding with the evoked response on the display unit.

Biological signal display apparatus

Provided is a toner including toner particles each containing an amorphous polyester resin and a wax, in which: the surface of each of the toner particles has a coating layer; and the coating layer contains one or more kinds of olefin-based copolymers each having a specific ester moiety.

Provided is a toner including a toner particle that contains a toner base particle containing a binder resin and a wax, and a coating layer containing a 1,2-polybutadiene resin at the surface of the toner base particle, wherein the coverage ratio of the toner base particle by the coating layer is at least 50%.

A toner comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin, a wax, and inorganic fine particles, wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous polyester resin, and, in a cross section of the toner particle, when Sc represents an area taken up by the crystalline polyester resin and S1 represents an area taken up by the inorganic fine particles that are present in the crystalline polyester resin portion, Sc and S1 satisfy the relationship S1/Sc&#x2265;0.2.

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Matsudo, Japan

Hitoshi Sano