Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Hiroyuki Kitayama

Kenji Shinjo

Kazuharu Katagiri

Masahiro Terada

Takao Takiguchi

Takeshi Togano

Masataka Yamashita

Akira Tsuboyama

Masanobu Asaoka

Shinichi Nakamura

Junko Sato

Yutaka Inaba

Yoshiko Kimura

Koichi Sato

Takashi Iwaki

Yoichi Osato

Akio Yoshida

Syuji Yamada

Shinjiro Okada

Kazuo Yoshinaga

Osamu Taniguchi

Katsutoshi Nakamura

Hideyuki Kawagishi

Chieko Hioki

Yukio Hanyu

Hiroshi Mizuno

Akihiro Mouri

Shuzo Kaneko

Masahiko Enari

Shosei Mori

Tohru Takahashi

Tsutomu Toyono

Noriyuki Shikina

Hirokatsu Miyata

Hirohide Munakata

Katsuhiko Shinjo

Tomoko Maruyama

Mitsutoshi Kuno

Toshiharu Uchimi

Ryuichiro Isobe

Tomonari Horikiri

A member configured to absorb a predetermined wavelength range for light having an incident angle is located on the first electrode side of a light emitting device and settings are made so that the hue of light emitted in a direction having an angle with respect to the front becomes yellow when the light emitting device emits white light.

Display apparatus

An object of the present invention is to maintain sufficient light extraction from an organic light emitting device and reduce reflection of external light. There are arranged a polarizing member, a prism member, a phase member, and an organic light emitting element which has an organic light emitting layer arranged between a pair of electrodes, in mentioned order from the side of a light extraction surface. When the prism member includes two sheets, the vertex angle of the prism member sheet arranged on the side of the organic light emitting element is preferably a vertex or less of the prism member arranged on the side of the light extraction surface. Furthermore, the prism members are preferably arranged so that pitch directions thereof are orthogonal to each other.

Organic light emitting device with prism

There is provided an organic light-emitting apparatus in which the luminance can be improved, and, at the same time, the reflection of ambient light can be reduced by adding a prism member and a light-absorbing member to a spontaneous light-emitting device such as an organic light-emitting device, and which includes: a plurality of organic light-emitting devices each having a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer formed between the pair of electrodes; a prism member disposed on a light extraction side of the organic light-emitting device, an interface on the light extraction side of the prism member being an interface with air; and a light-absorbing member formed between the plurality of organic light-emitting devices, around the prism member, and on a side portion of a protrusion of the prism member.

Organic light-emitting apparatus

An organic EL light-emitting apparatus includes a base, an organic EL device, a prism member, a polarizing member, and a phase member. The prism member, the polarizing member, and the phase member are adjacent to a light extraction side of the organic EL device. The prism member includes a plurality of unit prisms each having a triangular-column shape. The unit prisms are arranged such that their longitudinal directions are parallel to one another. The polarizing member is disposed further from the base than the prism member. The prism member has an apex angle between 90&#xb0; to 140&#xb0;.

Organic electroluminescent device provided with a polarizing plate, a prism member and a phase member in a stacked arrangement

A liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of substrates each provided with an axis for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a uniaxial aligning direction, and a liquid crystal composition disposed between the pair of substrates and comprising at least a liquid crystal and an aligned gel-forming compound forming a gel with the liquid crystal. The gel-forming compound is aligned in a direction substantially parallel or perpendicular to the uniaxial aligning direction.

Liquid crystal device

A liquid crystal composition includes at least one fluorine-containing mesomorphic compound (a) having a fluorocarbon terminal portion and a hydrocarbon terminal portion, and at least one optically active compound (b) having an optically active cyclic group and a terminal alkyl group free from a perfluorocarbon atom. The compound (a) and the compound (b) are mutually soluble readily to form a homogeneous liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition shows a layer structure of so-called bookshelf or a layer structure having a small inclination angle (closer to bookshelf structure). The liquid crystal composition is useful in improving response characteristics and display characteristics, particularly a contrast ratio, of a liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal composition.

Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device using the composition,

A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel and drive means for driving the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel includes a pair of oppositely disposed substrates each having an electrode thereon, an alignment film disposed over the electrode on at least one of the substrates, and a liquid crystal disposed between the substrates; the liquid crystal being composed of a plurality of liquid crystal layers each composed of a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. The drive means is suitable for applying to the liquid crystal an electric field insufficient to cause a switching of the liquid crystal but sufficient to cause a reversible change of the liquid crystal layers into a bookshelf structure. As a result, the liquid crystal panel can be provided with a good switching characteristic while effectively suppressing deleterious liquid crystal molecular movement.

Liquid crystal apparatus and display apparatus

A liquid crystal composition includes a liquid crystal containing at least one mesomorphic compound having a cholesteric phase (Ch phase)-free mesomorphic phase, and at least one compound (e) having a limit of solubility in the liquid crystal and being contained in the composition in a proportion ranging from 20% of the limit of solubility to below the limit of solubility. The liquid crystal composition may preferably include the liquid crystal containing at least one fluorine-containing mesomorphic compound (a) having a fluorocarbon terminal portion and a hydrocarbon terminal portion, and at least one achiral compound (b), a the compound (e), having a specific ring structure and a specific terminal alkyl group free from a perfluorocarbon atom. The compound having a Ch phase-free mesomorphic phase, preferably the compound (a), and the compound (e), preferably the compound (b) are effective in providing the liquid crystal composition with a layer structure of so-called bookshelf or a layer structure having a small inclination angle (closer to bookshelf structure). The liquid crystal composition is useful in improving response characteristics and display characteristics, particularly a contrast ratio, of a liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal composition.

A liquid crystal composition includes at least one fluorine-containing mesomorphic compound (a) having a fluorocarbon terminal portion and a hydrocarbon terminal portion, and at least one optically active compound (b) having at least one substituted or unsubstituted terminal alkyl group containing an asymmetric carbon atom directly connected with F, CF.sub.3 or CH.sub.3. The liquid crystal composition shows a layer structure of so-called bookshelf or a layer structure having a small inclination angle (closer to bookshelf structure). The liquid crystal composition is useful in improving response characteristics and display characteristics, particularly a contrast ratio, of a liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal composition.

Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device using the composition

A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising at least one optically active compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a subtituent; X.sub.1 denotes a single bond, ##STR2## Z denotes a single bond or ##STR3## denotes ##STR4## and n is an integer of 1-12; and at least one compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR5## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 respectively denote a linear or branched optically inactive alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having an alkoxy group of 1-12 carbon atoms; X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 respectively denote a single bond, ##STR6## and p and q are respectively 0, 1 or 2 with proviso that both of p and q are not 0.

Ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition and liquid

A liquid crystal device for gradational display, comprising: a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode, and a liquid crystal layer comprising a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the substrates; the pair of substrates each having thereon alignment control layer provided with a uniaxial alignment axis, wherein aid liquid crystal layer comprises a striped region and a non-striped region where (1) the striped region and the non-striped region each assume a homogeneous alignment state, (2) the striped region extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the uniaxial alignment axis, and (3) each of liquid crystal molecules within the striped region and the non-striped region show bistability; and the liquid crystal molecules within the striped region have a threshold voltage, for switching between two stable states, different from that given by the liquid crystal molecules within the on-striped region. The above two regions (striped and non-striped region) having different threshold voltages each other are suitable as a display region for a liquid crystal device providing good gradation characteristic.

Liquid crystal device for gradational display

A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent, R.sub.2 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-14 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 respectively denote a single bond, ##STR2## m is 0-7; and n is 0 or 1; and at least one compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; R.sub.4 denotes a linear alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms; X.sub.3 denotes a single bond, ##STR4## Y denotes ##STR5## and ##STR6## respectively denote ##STR7##

Method of producing a liquid crystal composition

A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 respectively denote a single bond, ##STR2## Y.sub.1 denotes --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2 ; and m and n are respectively 1 or 2; and at least one compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent, at least one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 being optically active; and; X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 respectively denote a single bond, ##STR4##

A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising: at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy group; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 respectively denote a single bond, --O--, ##STR2## at least one compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 respectively denote a single bond, --O--, ##STR4## Z.sub.1 denotes ##STR5## --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or a single bond; ##STR6## respectively denote ##STR7## denotes ##STR8## with proviso that at least one of ##STR9## and at least one compound represented by the following formula (III): ##STR10## wherein R.sub.5 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.5 denotes a single bond, --O-- or ##STR11## Z.sub.2 denotes a single bond or ##STR12## denotes ##STR13## and m is 1-12.

A liquid crystal device showing improved uniform alignment characteristic and switching characteristic is constituted by a pair of an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the upper and lower substrates. Each of the upper and lower substrates has thereon an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and a uniaxial alignment film. The alignment films on the upper and lower substrates are provided with uniaxial alignment axes which cross each other so that the direction of crossing of the uniaxial alignment axes from the lower substrate to the upper substrate is identical to the direction of helical twist in cholesteric phase of the chiral smectic liquid crystal, and the chiral smectic liquid crystal is disposed in such an alignment state that the liquid crystal shows a pretilt angle .alpha., a cone angle H, an inclination angle .delta. of SmC.sup.* layer, and an apparent tilt angle .theta.a satisfying relationships of: H&lt;.alpha.+.delta. and H&gt;.theta.a&gt;H/2. The crossing direction may preferably have a polarity (taken as 'positive' in clockwise direction and 'negative' in anticlockwise direction) which is the same as the polarity of the spontaneous polarization of the liquid crystal.

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Sagamihara, Japan

Hiroyuki Kitayama