Hitachi, Ltd.

Hitachi Instrument Engineering Co., Ltd.

Hitachi-science Systems, Ltd.

Hiroshi Iwamoto

Takehisa Hayashi

Satoshi Yoshizawa

Hideki Murayama

Takeshi Aimoto

Hidenori Inouchi

Hiroshi Ohguro

Haruyuki Nakayama

Shoichi Murase

Kimitoshi Yamada

Hiroshi Yashiro

Kazuhiro Hashimoto

Kazuo Horikawa

Issei Tobita

Shinichi Tanabe

Kenji Nakajima

Hideo Todokoro

Hiroyasu Shichi

Tadashi Otaka

Kenichi Kurosawa

Hifumi Tamura

Michio Morioka

Tetsuaki Nakamikawa

Tsutomu Komoda

Hiroshi Hirose

Akimitsu Okura

Eiichi Izumi

Eisuke Mitani

Koichi Ikeda

Takaaki Nishiyama

Hiroshi Toita

A computer system having a plurality of computers connected to each other by a computer coupling mechanism. Each computer includes a processor, memory, I/O device, disk control mechanism, computer coupling network adapter, disk requirement processing section connected to a system bus, and a disk connected to a disk control mechanism. The disk requirement processing section controls the disk, in response to a processing requirement for the disk from one of the processors of the other computers, based on structural definition information. The structural definition information describes a structure of the computer system. The computer system may be a loosely-coupled computer system.

Computer system having a plurality of computers each providing a shared storage access processing mechanism for controlling local/remote access to shared storage devices

Computer system having a plurality of computers each providing a shared

A data communication system for a computer system in which a plurality of computers are mutually connected includes: a plurality of computers each having an area to store a command to execute a data communication on the basis of it and a buffer area to store data; a switch circuit to mutually selectively connect the plurality of computers; and a transmission permitting component, connected between the switch circuit and one of the plurality of computers, for outputting a signal to permit the data transmission from such one computer to such another computer; a communication component for transmitting the data received from such one computer by outputting the transmission permission signal from the transmission permitting component to such another computer through the switch circuit; a detecting component to detect the occurrence of an abnormality regarding the data communication from such one computer to such another computer; and a communication control component to abandon the data that is subsequently received from such one computer by outputting the transmission permission signal in accordance with an output of the detecting component. When the abnormality occurs, the switch circuit releases such another computer, thereby disconnecting such one computer and such another computer. When reception commands prepared in the buffer area of such another computer are perfectly used, such another computer abandons the packet which does not include the flag to instruct the continuous reception.

Network for mutually connecting computers and communicating method using

A data communication system for a computer system in which computers are mutually connected includes: each computer having an area to store a command to execute data communication on the basis of it and a buffer area to store data; a switch circuit to mutually selectively connect the computers; and a transmission permitting component, connected between the switch circuit and one of the computers, for outputting a signal to permit the data transmission from one computer to another computer; a communication component for transmitting the data received from one computer by outputting the transmission permission signal from the transmission permitting component to another computer through the switch circuit; a detecting component to detect the occurrence of an abnormality regarding the data communication from one computer to another computer; and a communication control component to abandon the data that is subsequently received from one computer by outputting the transmission permission signal in accordance with an output of the detecting component. When the abnormality occurs, the switch circuit releases another computer, thereby disconnecting one computer and another computer. When reception commands prepared in the buffer area of another computer are perfectly used, another computer abandons the packet which does not include the flag to instruct the continuous reception.

A large-scaled interconnection switch in which a plurality of data processors are interconnected to perform data transfer between one another. The switch includes communication controllers, one provided for each of the plurality of data processors, divided into groups, for controlling communication between the data processors. Each group of communication controllers is connected by a signal line having a multiple bit width. A switch arbiter for arbitrates switch setting requests for interconnection of the data processors from the communication controllers to output a switch setting control signal. The switch also includes bit slice switches having a predetermined bit division count and to which respective/output signal lines are connected which bit-divide input/output signals of the communication controllers. The bit slice switch receives a switch setting control signal from the switch arbiter and transfers data from a transmission data line from a communication controller to a receiving data line to the communication controller on the basis of the switch setting control signal.

Large scale interconnecting switch using communication controller groups

A highly reliable computer system is intended to duplicate processors, compare the outputs of the processors with each other and enhance the validity of the output of processor system. If a mismatch between the outputs is detected, one of the processors performs a process of saving an internal state of the processor in amain memory and diagnosing factor of the detected mismatch. If the process is recognized to be continued in a duplex mode, the processors are re-synchronized by a processor reset, and initialize themselves and restore the internal information saved in the main memory for continuing the process having been proceeded before the fault occurred.

Fault recovering system provided in highly reliable computer system

The present invention relates to a network communication method and a network system that enables received data to be transferred directly to the user data region, thereby eliminating the need to perform data copy operations. In the present invention, packets are each provided with received region assignment information (port ID) for showing the region in which the packet is to be received and/or division information for dividing the packet. The region which is to receive data contained in the packet is determined from a port table and conversion tables, and the packet data is transferred to the region directly.

Method of communication between network computers by dividing packet

Disclosed is a sample position controller in a focused ion beam system in which a reference unit quantity on a surface of a sample having a structure in which a pattern is repeated at regular intervals is calculated on the basis of the quantity of movement of the sample to which a focused ion beam is radiated and a cyclic detection signal outputted from a charged particle detector with the sample movement as changing correspondingly to the change of the arrangement structure of the surface of the sample, so that the sample position is set on the basis of the reference unit quantity while controlling the moving operation of a sample moving mechanism by using the reference point set on the sample and the reference unit quantity calculated.

Sample position controller in focused ion beam system

An electron beam apparatus comprises an electron beam source, a unit for irradiating an electron beam on a specimen, a detector for secondary electrons, an electrode for generating an electric field sufficient to draw out secondary electrons in a recess in the specimen from the recess, and a unit for generating a magnetic field for focusing secondary electrons drawn out of the recess. With this construction, the secondary electrons drawn out of the recess by the electric field reach the detector without being attracted by the electrode. By adopting this construction, a contact hole of high aspect ratio formed in a semiconductor device and having a small diameter and a large depth can be observed.

Electron beam apparatus

A composite apparatus is disclosed which includes in combination a secondary ion mass spectrometry instrument and a scanning electron microscope. A liquid metal ion source and an ion source other than the liquid metal ion source are installed in the same apparatus so that an ion beam emitted from the liquid metal ion source and an ion beam emitted from the ion source other than the liquid metal ion source are aligned with each other on a primary beam axis which is an optical axis of an irradiating system. The liquid metal ion source is disposed in rear of a primary ion separating device which mass-separates the ion beam emitted from the ion source other than the liquid metal ion source. Further, an electron gun is installed in the same apparatus so that an electron beam emitted from the electron gun is aligned with the ion beam on the primary beam axis.

Composite apparatus with secondary ion mass spectrometry instrument and

A secondary ion mass spectrometer including primary ion emitting means for generating a primary ion to irradiate a specimen with the primary ion, means for separating secondary ions sputtered from the specimen, in accordance with mass-to-charge ratios, and detection means for detecting a secondary ion current emerging from the secondary ion separating means is disclosed, in which, when the value of the secondary ion current becomes greater than the upper limit of the dynamic range of the detecting means, the secondary ion current is attenuated by an attenuator, and the value of secondary ion current detected by the detection means is divided by the attenuation factor of the attenuator to obtain a corrected value. Thus, the secondary ion mass spectrometer is prevented from producing an erroneous analytical result due to the saturation of the detection means, that is, has a wide dynamic range, in which the amount of secondary ion varies by eight to ten orders of magnitude. Accordingly, the sescondary ion mass spectrometer can quantitatively determine a high-concentration element and a considerably-low-concentration element at the same time, and can determine the concentration distribution of an analytical element in a wide concentration range from a large value to a considerably small value.

Secondary ion mass spectrometer

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Hadano, Japan

Hiroshi Iwamoto