Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Ishikawajima-harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Hiroaki Tsuchiya

Toru Katsumi

Nobuyuki Ito

Satoshi Kaneko

Yasushi Miura

Hisashi Fukushima

Kimio Nakahata

Nobuhiko Takekoshi

Tokuharu Kaneko

Kunio Matsui

Nobuo Nakazawa

Ryushi Suzuki

Atsushi Takeda

Yuji Sakemi

Masahiro Itoh

Mitsuhiro Tokuhara

Nobuyuki Itoh

Michitaka Setani

Yoshiro Tomikawa

Kenichiro Waki

Haruhisa Honda

Keishi Osawa

Keishi Ohsawa

Takehiro Takano

Koji Suzuki

Yoshikazu Yokomizo

Masanori Miyata

Yoshihiro Murasawa

Yuji Kamiya

Yoshihiro Kawatsura

Shinkichi Takahashi

Eiji Nakai

Ikuo Soma

Harunaka Yamaguchi

Joji Yamaga

Kazuki Tanaka

Yasuhide Kurosaki

Tetsuhiro Shibayama

Takayoshi Omura

Shinichi Iwasaki

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a step of forming a mesa portion including an active layer above a substrate, and an n-type layer above the active layer, a step of forming a current confinement portion on left and right of the mesa portion, the current confinement portion including a p-type current blocking layer, an n-type current blocking layer above the p-type current blocking layer, and an i-type or p-type current blocking layer above the n-type current blocking layer, and a p-type doping step of diffusing p-type impurities into the i-type or p-type current blocking layer, an upper portion of the n-type current blocking layer, and left and right portions of the n-type layer to change the upper portion of the n-type current blocking layer and the left and right portions of the n-type layer to p-type semiconductors.

Method of manufacturing semiconductor device, and semiconductor device

An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material comprising: a plurality of processing devices for forming the image; a detecter for detecting at least a quantity of state relating to a control of the processing devices; an inference computer for inferring, in accordance with the quantity of state, a quantity of control for use to control the processing devices.

Fuzzy inference image forming apparatus

In a method of developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearing member, wherein a developer carrying member carrying a layer of a developer is faced to the image bearing member and is supplied with an oscillating bias voltage to form an oscillating electric field in a developing zone, the improvement residing in: that a maximum Vu1max of a potential difference Vu1 between an image portion potential of the latent image and a potential of the developer carrying member in a transfer phase of the oscillating electric field, is larger than a maximum Vr1max of a potential difference Vr1 therebetween in a back-transfer phase thereof; that a maximum Vu2max of a potential difference Vu2 between a non-image portion potential of the latent image and a potential of the developer carrying member in the transfer phase of the oscillating electric field, is not less than a maximum Vr2max of a potential Vr2 therebetween in the back-transfer phase thereof; that integration Iu2, with time, of the potential difference Vu2 is not more than integration Ir2, with time, of the potential difference Vr2.

Method of developing electrostatic latent image using oscillating bias

An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material comprising: a plurality of processing devices for forming the image; a detector for detecting at least a quantity of state relating to a control of the processing devices; a fuzzy inference computer for inferring, in accordance with the quantity of state, a quantity of control for use to control the processing devices.

An image forming apparatus is provided with a movable image bearing member, such as a movable amorphous silicon photosensitive member, and an image forming member forms an image on a surface of the image bearing member. The image on the surface of the photosensitive member is transferred to a transfer material. A separator electrostatically separates the transfer material from the photosensitive member after the image is transferred by the transferring member. The separator is supplied with an electric power having a voltage of a waveform which periodically changes. In one embodiment, the voltage waveform includes at least two sine waves of different frequencies superposed to lower the peak value of the first sine wave.

Image forming apparatus with transfer material separating means

In an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a potential measurement device for measuring the surface potential of the electrostatic latent image and a reflective density measurement device for measuring the density of a visible image developed from the latent image are made movable, in mutually synchronized manner, along the axial direction of the rotating photosensitive member. In this manner the image forming ability can be measured over the entire surface of the photosensitive member, and the process conditions can be suitably regulated according to the results of measurements.

Method and apparatus for correcting image formation in accordance with a

An image forming apparatus utilizing an ink jet recording head and including a plurality of processing devices for forming the image; a detector which detects a quantity of a state, i.e. temperature, humidity, idle time, suspened dust, etc., related to a control of the image processing devices; and an inferrence computer which uses fuzzy logic in analizing the detected quantity of state to control the processing devices.

Image forming apparatus

A developing apparatus includes a guide member for guiding toner toward an image bearing member bearing an electrostatic image thereon, the guide member having a first end and a second end, a vibration generating device for applying an ultrasonic oscillation to the guide member proximate one of the first end and the second end of the guide member, and a vibration absorbing device for absorbing the ultrasonic oscillation in the guide member at the other one of the first end and the second end, wherein toner is conveyed on the guide member in a direction from the absorbing device to the vibration applying device. In one aspect, the toner is a magnetic toner, and a magnetic field is generated on the guide member at a position opposite a surface for guiding the toner.

Powder conveying device

An image forming apparatus include an image forming device for forming a toner image on a recording material. The image forming device includes an electrical discharger, a fixing device for fixing the toner image with heat, and a air discharging device for discharging air between the fixing device and electrical discharger in the apparatus. The fixing device includes a heated roller having a surface on which a parting agent is applied to facilitate separation of the recording sheet from the roller. A controller controls the air discharging device in accordance with a heated state of the surface of the roller.

Image forming apparatus having a controller for discharging air in

An ultrasonic oscillation is applied in the neighborhood of one end of a guide member for supporting and guiding a powder, so that a transverse proceeding wave is generated in the guide member. The powder moves from the other end of the guide member toward a position of the applied ultrasonic oscillation under the action of this proceeding wave.

A developing apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image includes a developing device, means for supplying a powdery developer, and a developer carrying member for carrying the powdery developer supplied by the developing device to a developing zone where a latent image bearing member passes. The developer carrying member is blast-treated with irregular particles, and subsequently is blast-treated with regular particles having an average particle size larger than that of the irregular particles, wherein a developer carrying surface of the developer carrying member has a mixed first portion provided by the blast-treatment with the irregular particles only, and a second portion provided by the blast-treatment with the irregular particles and subsequent blast-treatment with the regular particles. A blasting energy applied to the developer carrying member, per unit area thereof, is smaller in the blast-treatment with regular particles than in the blast-treatment with irregular particles. The area of the second portion is 30 t 80%, and the remaining area includes the first portion.

Developing apparatus and developer carrying member usable therewith

An image forming apparatus includes a detector for measuring the surface potential of a photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed and a controller which regulates image formation plural times in accordance with the measured surface potential based on the length of time between image formations. In another aspect, the image forming apparatus includes a light source and a setting device for manually setting the quantity of light therefrom between a maximum and minimum value. A test sample of a predetermined optical density is arranged to be illuminated by the light source so as to produce a test light for projection onto a recording medium. A detector detects an electrical surface condition of the test-lighted recording medium. In response to the detected electrical surface conditions, and a controller regulates the image formation in accordance with the detector. The light from the light source is adjusted so that illumination of the test sample assumes a standard value intermediate the maximum and minimum values, and so that illumination of an original assumes the value set by the setting device.

Image forming apparatus which adjusts illumination levels independently

An image forming apparatus using electrostatic images includes a state quantity detection device for detecting states which would exert some influence on the formation of images as quantities, a control quantity control device for controlling the operation of a process for forming images on an image bearing member, a rule storage device for relating the relation between the state quantities and the control quantity by a control device as a certain rule and storing it, and an inference device for inferring a control quantity to be determined from a set of state quantities on the basis of rules of the rule storage device. The picture image forming apparatus determines the operation quantity for the image bearing member of the process device on the basis of the calculated results of the inference device and forms an image.

Image formation condition controlling apparatus based on fuzzy inference

In a duplex image forming apparatus, first and second image forming devices are arranged respectively in upstream and downstream sides of a moving direction of a transfer member. Each image forming device includes an image bearing member, a developer for forming on the image bearing member a toner image corresponding to first and second information signals, respectively, and a transfer device for transferring the respective toner images to respective sides of the transfer member. A reader is provided for reading a first side of an original and, at a point of time after reading of the first side begins, a second side of the original. The length of time required to move the transfer member from the first transfer station to the second transfer station is equal to the length of time between beginning to read the first side of the original and beginning to read the second side of the original. Advantageously, the electric polarity used to transfer the first toner image to the first side of the transfer member is opposite to that required to transfer the second toner image to the second side of the transfer member.

Image forming apparatus for scanning both sides of an original and

After a first image is formed on an image bearing member, the potential of the image bearing member is attenuated, and then, the image bearing member is re-charged. Thereafter, a second image is formed. The image forming apparatus includes a potential sensor for detecting the surface potential of the image bearing member, and in accordance with the output of the potential sensor, amount of potential attenuation and/or amount of re-charging is controlled so that the potential difference between the potential of the first developed portion after the re-charging and the background potential is converged into a predetermined target range.

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Yokohama, Japan

Hiroaki Tsuchiya