Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Hidetoshi Kami

Tetsuro Suzuki

Hiroshi Tamura

Yukio Fujiwara

Nozomu Tamoto

Eiji Kurimoto

Tatsuya Niimi

Hiroshi Ikuno

Hiroshi Nagame

Kazuhiro Egawa

Narihito Kojima

Akihiro Sugino

Akihiko Matsuyama

Keisuke Shimoyama

Tomoharu Asano

Takaaki Ikegami

Yohta Sakon

Naohiro Toda

Katsuichi Ohta

Ryoichi Kitajima

Ryohta Takahashi

Tomoyuki Shimada

Kazukiyo Nagai

Ryota Inoue

Maiko Kondo

Yoshiaki Kawasaki

Tetsuya Toshine

Shinji Nohsho

Takafumi Iwamoto

Nobutaka Eguchi

Yasuo Suzuki

Yasuyuki Yamashita

Kohichi Ohshima

Hideo Nakamori

Ryohichi Kitajima

Yuka Miyamoto

Yoshinori Inaba

Akihiko Matuyama

Yuuji Tanaka

Masayuki Ishii

Junichi Yamazaki

Jun Aoto

Naomichi Kanei

Takeshi Takada

Kohsuke Yamamoto

Toshihiro Ishida

Mayumi Yoshihara

Mihoko Matsumoto

Shinji Nousho

Suzuka Nozoe

Daisuke Kubo

Hiroki Orii

Yuuji Takana

Maiko Kondoh

Yoshiaki Kwasaki

Kazuyuki Nakatsuru

Kazuyuki Nakatsuro

Takeshi Kishinekoen Southern Hills 2-102 Takada

An electronic device includes a support, a charge-transporting layer, a silicone-containing layer, and a metal oxide film. The charge-transporting layer includes a charge-transporting material or a dye-sensitizing electrode layer including a sensitizing dye. The charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer is disposed on or above the support. The silicone-containing layer is disposed on or above the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer. The metal oxide film is disposed on or above the silicone-containing layer. A ratio [Q(ACL)/Q(CTL)] is 10% or greater, where Q(ACL) is a time integral of a transient photocurrent waveform of an electronic device (ACL) measured by a time-of-flight method, and Q(CTL) is a time integral of a transient photocurrent waveform of an electronic device (CTL) measured by a time-of-flight method.

Electronic device and method for producing the same, image forming method, and image forming apparatus

An electronic device includes: a support; a charge-transporting layer including a charge-transporting material, or a sensitizing-dye electrode layer including a sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer is disposed on or above the support; and a metal oxide layer disposed on or above the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer. The metal oxide layer includes p-type semiconductor metal oxide and silica or metal oxide particles, and an amount of the silica or metal oxide particles included in the metal oxide layer is 0.5% by mass or greater but 1.5% by mass or less, relative to the metal oxide layer.

Metal oxide particles have p-type semiconductivity. The metal oxide particles have a volume-based particle size distribution having a first local maximum value and a second local maximum value. The first local maximum value is in a range of 0.1 μm or more and less than 5 μm, and the second local maximum value is in a range of 5 μm or more and less than 50 μm. A ratio of the second local maximum value to the first local maximum value is 0.5 or more and less than 2.0. 99% by volume or more of the metal oxide particles have a particle diameter in a range of from 0.1 to 50 μm.

Metal oxide particles having p-type semiconductivity, electronic device using the same, method for manufacturing electronic device, and image forming apparatus

Provided is a photoelectric conversion device including: a support; a charge-transporting layer including an organic charge-transporting material or a sensitizing dye electrode layer including an organic sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer is disposed on the support; and a ceramic film disposed on the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer.

Photoelectric conversion device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An image forming method includes forming an image with a toner using a photoconductor in which an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer are formed overlying an electroconductive substrate, wherein the ionization potential of the surface of the photoconductor and the ionization potential of the surface of the toner satisfy the following relations 1 and 2,|(the surface of the photoconductor)&#x2212;(the surface of the toner)|&#x2264;5.53 (eV)&#x2003;&#x2003; Relation 15.45 (eV)&#x2264;(the surface of the photoconductor)&#x2264;5.53 (eV)&#x2003;&#x2003; Relation 2where Ip (the surface of the photoconductor) represents the ionization potential of the surface of the photoconductor and Ip (the surface of the toner) represents the ionization potential of the surface of the toner.

Image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

Provided is an image forming apparatus including an image bearer capable of bearing a toner image, where a latent image is formed on the image bearer, a developing unit configured to develop the latent image formed on the image bearer with a toner, and a cleaning unit including a blade-shaped elastic body, where the elastic body is brought into contact with a surface of the image bearer, wherein a friction coefficient Ft/Fn between the image bearer and the elastic body is 0.85 or greater but 1.1 or less, and self-excited vibration WRFt(LMH) of shear force of the elastic body in a LMH band is 1.5 gf or greater but 3.5 gf or less.

Image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoconductor is provided. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer containing fluororesin particles, non-fluororesin particles, and a cured resin. The fluororesin particles have an average particle diameter of from 0.01 to 0.3 &#x3bc;m in a cross-sectional image of the surface layer as observed by a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 5,000 times, and when the cross-sectional image is segmented into uniform regions each being 1 &#x3bc;m&#xd7;4 &#x3bc;m, a standard deviation of areas each of which is occupied by the fluororesin particles and the non-fluororesin particles in each of the regions is 0.2 &#x3bc;mor less.

Electrophotographic photoconductor, image forming apparatus, and image forming method

An image forming method includes forming an image with a toner using a photoconductor in which an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer are formed overlying an electroconductive substrate,

A photoconductor is provided. The photoconductor includes a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin and a zinc oxide particle. The photosensitive layer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1): where each of Rand Rindependently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Photoconductor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

Disclosed herein is a photoconductor containing an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein, in a curve obtained by the steps (I) through (V) described herein, a surface of the photosensitive layer has a WRa (LML) of from 0.02 &#x3bc;m to 0.03 &#x3bc;m, a WRa (LHL) of from 0.006 &#x3bc;m to 0.01 &#x3bc;m, and a WRa (HLH) of 0.001 &#x3bc;m or less, where the arithmetical mean roughness (WRa) are defined as Ra in JIS-B0601:2001 and WRa (HHH) to WRa (LLL) represent individual Ra's as described herein.

Photoconductor, image forming method using the same, method of manufacturing the photoconductor, and image forming apparatus

A photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a metal oxide particle and a binder resin, and satisfies the following relations (1) and (2):cut/&#x2003;&#x2003;(1)0.4&#x2266;&#x2266;0.6&#x2003;&#x2003;(2)where Smr represents an areal ratio of concave parts; Sk represents a reference area; and a Scut represents a cross-sectional area obtained by cutting a three-dimensional curved surface obtained from the reference area with an average height surface, the average height surface being a surface constituted of averaged height of all measured height data.

Photoconductor, and image forming method and image forming apparatus using the photoconductor

A photoconductor, including an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a metal oxide and a binder resin, and has a WRa (LLH) less than 0.12 &#x3bc;m and WRa (LHH) of from 0.03 to 0.2 &#x3bc;m in a curve.

Photoconductor, and image forming method and image forming apparatus using the same

An image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor; a charger to charge a surface of the photoreceptor; a circulating agent applicator to apply a circulating agent to the surface of the photoreceptor while contacting the surface of the photoreceptor to form a film of the circulating agent on the surface of the photoreceptor; and a contact member contacted with the surface of the photoreceptor. The acting force, which is generated by contact of the contact member with the photoreceptor and includes a tangential force Ft, which is a force in a tangential direction at a contact portion of the contact member with the surface of the photoreceptor, and a normal force Fn, which is a force in a normal direction at the contact portion, satisfies the following relationships, 0.90&#x2266;Ft/Fn&#x2266;0.96, and 1.15 kgf&#x2266;Ft&#x2266;1.35 kgf.

Image forming apparatus, and image forming method

An electrophotographic photoconductor having a photosensitive layer and a crosslinked resin surface layer over a support, wherein shapes of concaves and convexes in a surface of the electrophotographic photoconductor are measured by a surface roughness/profile measuring device to obtain one-dimensional data arrays, the arrays are subjected to multiresolution analysis (MRA-1) through wavelet transformation to be separated into six frequency components including HHH, HHL, HMH, HML, HLH and HLL to obtain one-dimensional data arrays, the arrays of the HHL are thinned out to be reduced 1/10 to 1/100, thereby producing one-dimensional data arrays, which are then subjected to multiresolution analysis (MRA-2) through wavelet transformation to be separated into six frequency components including LHH, LHL, LMH, LML, LLH and LLL to thereby obtain 12 frequency components in total; and a center-line average roughness (WRa) of the 12 frequency components satisfies relationship (i) below.1&#x2212;597&#xd7;WRa(HML)+238&#xd7;WRa(HLH)&#x2212;95&#xd7;WRa(LHL)+84&#xd7;WRa(LMH)&#x2212;79&#xd7;WRa(LML)+55&#xd7;WRa(LLH)&#x2212;17&#xd7;WRa(LLL)&#x3e;0&#x2003;&#x2003;(i)

Electrophotographic photoconductor, production method of the same, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer which is located overlying the electroconductive substrate and which is not radically crosslinked; and an outermost layer which is located overlying the photosensitive layer and which includes a radically crosslinked material, wherein the radically crosslinked material includes a unit having a specific formula. An image forming method, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge, which use the photoreceptor.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method and apparatus using the same

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Numazu, Japan

Hidetoshi Kami