Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Xerox Corporation

Hidemi Nukada

Yasuo Sakaguchi

Katsumi Nukada

Takahiro Suzuki

Katsumi Daimon

Taketoshi Hoshizaki

Hirofumi Nakamura

Akihiko Tokida

Nan-Xing Hu

Yu Qi

Ah-Mee Hor

Koji Bando

Shigeto Hashiba

Yukiko Kamijo

Kohichi Yamamoto

Satoya Sugiura

Masahiko Miyamoto

Masakazu Iijima

Masayuki Nishikawa

Fumio Ojima

Ichiro Takegawa

Shinya Yamamoto

Hitoshi Takimoto

Masaru Miura

Yumiko Komori

Isamu Ishiko

Tetsuya Ezumi

Hiroshi Yamamoto

Kenji Inoue

Masahiro Iwasaki

Takashi Yamada

Minoru Rokutan

Kazuyuki Nakamura

Kazuya Hongo

Makoto Takemoto

Akihiro Kawasaki

Akihiro Nonaka

Kenta Ide

Takuro Hagiwara

Kozo Ota

Minoru Oshima

Takaaki Kimura

Michiko Aida

Toru Asahi

Tetsunao Koujiri

Koji Goshima

Kaori Iemura

A conductive member includes a substrate, an elastic layer formed on the substrate, and a surface layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein the surface layer has a sea-island structure that includes a sea portion at least containing a first resin and a conductive agent and island portions at least containing a second resin, the island portions have an average diameter of approximately at least 100 nm and not greater than 1/10 of the thickness of the surface layer, and the conductive agent contained in the sea portion is unevenly distributed in the vicinity of the interface of the sea portion with the island portions.

Conductive member, charging device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical conductive substrate, an undercoat layer containing a cured product of a resin and a blocked isocyanate and being disposed on the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer. The degree of curing of the undercoat layer defined by the equation below is about 1.5 or less in both a region A and a region B defined below: Region A (B): A region between a position distant from a first (second) end of the conductive substrate by about &#x215b; of a length of the conductive substrate and a position distant from the first (second) end of the conductive substrate by about &#x2155; of the length of the conductive substrateDegree of curing=[Amount () of blocking agent separated from blocked isocyanate in undercoat layer]/weight of undercoat layer ()&#xd7;100.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

A charging member includes a conductive elastic layer, and a conductive surface layer that is disposed on the conductive elastic layer, is in contact with an image holding member, and contains a resin, porous resin particles, and silicone oil, wherein a content of the porous resin particles is from 3 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin, and a content of the silicone oil is from 0.1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin.

Charging member, charging device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support; an undercoat layer which is provided on the support and contains at least a binder resin, metal oxide particles, and an electron-accepting compound having an anthraquinone structure, in which a content of the electron-accepting compound is from 0.5% by weight to 1.5% by weight with respect to the metal oxide particles and a contact angle of the metal oxide particles with respect to water is from 7&#xb0; to 12&#xb0;; and a photosensitive layer which is provided on the undercoat layer.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes: at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support; a surface layer that contains fluororesin particles and a fluorocarbon comb graft polymer containing a repeating unit derived from a macromonomer and a repeating unit derived from a monomer having a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; wherein the surface layer contains phosphorus in an amount of about 5 ppm or less, and a process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus, which use the photoreceptor.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and at least a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate, a layer located at a surface of the photosensitive layer side of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine containing resin particles and a fluoro graft polymer having a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an area for a polystyrene equivalent molecular weight of 700,000 or more is from about 5% to about 20% of the total area in a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) chart for the fluoro graft polymer.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, a surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor including a fluorinated alkyl group-containing copolymer having repeating units represented by the following formulae A and B, and fluorine-based resin particles:  wherein in Formulae A and B, l, m and n each independently represent a integer number of 1 or more; p, q, r and s each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or more; t represents an integer of from 1 to 7; R, R, R, and Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; X represents an alkylene chain, a halogen-substituted alkylene chain, &#x2014;S&#x2014;, &#x2014;O&#x2014;, &#x2014;NH&#x2014; or a single bond; Y represents an alkylene chain, a halogen-substituted alkylene chain, &#x2014;(CH(OH))&#x2014; or a single bond; and z represents an integer of 1 or more.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises: an electroconductive support; and a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer having a dynamic hardness of from 20&#xd7;10to 150&#xd7;10N/mand an elastic deformation ratio of from 15 to 80%.

The invention provides an image forming apparatus having: an image holding member; a charging unit; a latent image-forming unit; a development unit; a measuring unit; and a control unit. The image holding member has a substrate having a surface having regular reflectance in a range of about 30% to about 95% with respect to light having a first wavelength and a subbing layer having a light transmittance of about 50% or greater per unit thickness of the layer with respect to light having the first wavelength and a photosensitive layer having absorption with respect to light having a second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength.

Image forming apparatus

An image carrier includes a conductive base material and a photosensitive layer formed on the base material. The photosensitive layer has an outermost surface layer that contains particles having a number-averaged particle sphericality represented by Formula (1) of approximately 0.7 or less: sphericality=4&#x3c0;A/L(1), where &#x3c0; represents the circular constant, A represents the projection area of the particle, and L represents the peripheral length of the projected particle image.

Image carrier, process cartridge and image-forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor has at least an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer formed on a conductive substrate, wherein the undercoat layer contains metal oxide fine particles and an electron acceptor compound having a group reactive with the metal oxide fine particles. A process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus use the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartidge and electrophotographic apparatus

An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charging unit, an exposure unit, a development unit, and a transfer unit, wherein the image forming apparatus conducts charging, exposure, development, and transfer while moving a circumferential surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor in a predetermined direction, the image forming apparatus further comprises a controlling unit which controls a moving velocity of the circumferential surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor so that a time required for processes from charging to development is changeable, the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer, and the undercoat layer includes a metal oxide particle and an acceptor compound having a group capable of reacting with the metal oxide particle.

Image-forming apparatus including an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an undercoat layer with metal oxide particles and an acceptor compound

A charging roller including: a support; an elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the support, and having a ground-finished outer peripheral surface; and a surface layer formed to cover the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer and that has a thickness of about 2 &#x3bc;m to about 10 &#x3bc;m from the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer, and a proportion of water absorbed in the total of the elastic layer and the surface layer, after storage for 48 hours in an environment having a temperature of 10&#xb0; C. and a humidity of 15% RH, and after storage for 48 hours in an environment having a temperature of 28&#xb0; C. and a humidity of 85% RH, being about 2% to about 8% by weight, being about 2% to about 8% by weight.

Charging roller, electrophotographic process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

The invention provides an image-forming apparatus, having an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charging unit, a light-exposure unit, a development unit, a transfer unit, and a controller that controls the traveling speed of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and that thus makes a period from charging to development variable, wherein: the electrophotographic photoreceptor has an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer; and the undercoat layer contains metal oxide fine particles with an acceptor compound added thereto; and an image is formed by charging, light exposure, development and transfer while causing the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to travel in a predetermined direction; and a process cartridge that is detachable from the image forming apparatus.

Image-forming apparatus including an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an undercoat layer

A hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment is characterized by having a maximum peak wavelength within a range of from 810 nm to 839 nm in optical absorption spectrum in a wavelength range of from 600 nm to 900 nm.

Hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment and process for the production thereof, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, electrophotographic device and image formation method

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Kanagawa, Japan

Hidemi Nukada