Asahi Glass Company, Limited

Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.

Hidemasa Koh

Yutaka Nakagawa

Takeshi Kuwata

Takanori Ohnishi

Takashi Yamashita

Hiroshi Hasebe

Hideyuki Nagano

Osamu Yokokouji

Katsutoshi Machida

Temkar Ruckmongathan

Seiji Shinya

Takashi Miyajima

Temkar N Ruckmongathan

Akira Nakazawa

Osamu Yokokoji

Jun Irisawa

Satoru Ihara

A difluoroethylene compound of the following formula (1) having a liquid crystal property is provided:

Difluoroethylene compounds and liquid crystal compositions containing

A driving method of a matrix type liquid crystal display element including at least J.times.L (J and L are respectively integers of 2 or more) row electrodes and a plural number of column electrodes wherein the J.times.L row electrodes are divided into J row electrode subgroups each including n row electrodes so that the subgroups are selected as each batch to be driven. When voltages are applied to the row electrodes, either a voltage level of +V.sub.r or -V.sub.r (where V.sub.r &gt;0) is applied at a selection time, when a voltage at a non-selection time is 0 (zero). Voltages applied to the column electrodes are selected from (L+1) voltage levels of V.sub.0, V.sub.1, . . . , V.sub.L (where V.sub.0 &lt;V.sub.1 . . . &lt;V.sub.L), and when a two-valued information of the j-th line electrode subgroup (j is an integer of any of 1 through J) in a specified column in the plural column electrodes is expressed by a column vector D.sub.j having L elements (where the elements of the vector D.sub.j include 1 indicating ON and 0 indicating OFF), specific conditions must be satisfied.

Driving method of driving a liquid crystal display element

A difluoroethylene compound of the following formula (1) is provided:

A driving method for a liquid crystal display element including L row electrodes and K column electrodes in which two kinds of data, data corresponding to a logical '0' and data corresponding to a logical '1', are used to display gray shades. The row electrodes are divided into row electrode subgroups which are selected as a batch. When the row electrode subgroups are selected, they have a positive voltage level with respect to a non-election voltage and a negative voltage level with respect to a selection voltage. A matrix of column vector components in which row voltages are time-sequentially arranged form a display cycle in each of the row electrode subgroups, and such a matrix has orthogonality. Row voltages are dispersively applied in a display cycle in each of the row electrode subgroups. Further, a number of column vector components K is related to a number of row electrodes L such that K is a minimum value satisfying the orthogonality and L is.ltoreq.2.sup.P =K, where K, L and P are integers. A gray shade is then effectuated by displaying a plural number of ON and OFF signs at a specified ratio.

A method of driving a display element wherein a light transmittance of a pixel selected by a row electrode and a column electrode changes in accordance with a difference between voltages applied on the row electrode and the column electrode, is employed which satisfies several conditions.

Method of driving display element and its driving device

A difluoroethylene compound of the following formula (1):

A driving method of a liquid crystal display element having plural numbers of scanning electrodes and data electrodes where a J.times.L number (J and L are each integers.gtoreq.2) of scanning electrodes are divided into J subgroups each having L scanning electrodes so that the subgroups are selected and driven as a batch. The subgroups are selected while the following conditions are satisfied: (1) in L=k.multidot.N.multidot.T/.tau., a value satisfying k=10-250 is determined, where L is the number of row electrodes selected, N is the total number of row electrodes, T is a selection time of a single scanning electrode and .tau. is an average response time of a liquid crystal display element; (2) in a selection time, a voltage is applied to the scanning electrodes in a positive or negative direction with respect to an intermediate voltage, and in a non-selection time, the intermediate voltage is applied to the same, (3) for a selection voltage matrix, an orthogonal matrix A having L rows and elements of +1 and -1 which correspond respectively to a positive voltage and a negative voltage, is selected, and (4) in a selection time of the scanning electrode subgroups, application of the voltage is so made that elements of a column vector in the selection voltage matrix correspond to the amplitudes of the voltage to the scanning electrodes forming the scanning electrode subgroups.

Difluoro-derivative compounds and liquid crystal compositions containing

A driving method of a matrix type liquid crystal display element comprising at least J.times.L number (J subgroup) of row electrodes and a plurality of column electrodes. When information of the j-th row electrode subgroup in a specified column is expressed by a column vector D.sub.j having an L number of elements, the following conditions are satisfied: (1) and j-th row electrode subgroup is selected so that the elements of a selection voltage vector which constitute a selection voltage matrix in which the product of a matrix and a transposed matrix of the same assumes a scalar multiple of the unit matrix is selected, and the selection voltage matrix comprising election voltage vectors arranged in a matrix are selected, and (2) when the j-th row electrode subgroup is selected, the voltage applied to the column electrodes to indicate a display information by means of the vector D.sub.j are determined as in the following items (a) and (b): (a) a vector .beta. is formed by the selection voltages applied to the j-th row electrode subgroup, and (b) a voltage V.sub.i (i=D, 1 . . . L) given by the sum of exclusive OR of the elements corresponding to the vectors .beta. and D.sub.j is applied to the column electrodes.

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Yokohama, Japan

Hidemasa Koh