Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.

Hideki Ohmae

Hiroshi Takahara

Yoshito Miyatake

Mitsuhiro Wada

Hirokazu Sakaguchi

Shigeru Aruga

Kazunori Tanabe

Hisatoshi Shimose

Junichi Hibino

Koichi Hirano

Yoshihiro Tomita

Atsushi Yamada

Susumu Sawada

Hideaki Mochizuki

Yoshihiro Masumoto

A tactile sensor includes: a first sheet having at least either flexibility or elasticity; and a second sheet having at least either flexibility or elasticity and having a first surface facing the first sheet and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The second surface includes a plurality of protruding shapes. Each of the plurality of protruding shapes includes an enclosed space inside, the enclosed space being defined by the first surface of the second sheet and the first sheet. At least one first electrode pattern is disposed on the first sheet in the enclosed space of each of the plurality of protruding shapes. At least one second electrode pattern is disposed on the first surface in the enclosed space of each of the plurality of protruding shapes.

Tactile sensor that includes two sheets each having at least either flexibility or elasticity

A light emitting device in which a plurality of LED chips are arranged. Each of the plurality of LED chips include a light emitting region that is formed on a substrate, a first pad electrode that is formed on the substrate, and a through-hole that penetrates the substrate. First wiring that passes through the through-hole of one LED chip and the through-hole of an adjacent LED chip, and electrically connects the first pad electrode of the one LED chip and the first pad electrode of the adjacent LED chip is provided. The tip-end parts of the first wiring that have passed through the through-holes have, at a cross section cut at a plane that is parallel with a principal surface of the substrate, a larger cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the first wiring inside the through-holes.

Light emitting device, display device, and manufacturing method for light emitting device

A projection display device includes a condensing unit and a shading unit. The condensing unit condenses light emitted from a light source to form a condensed spot on a color wheel. The shading unit, when a size of the condensed spot on the color wheel has increased due to an increase in light emission of the light source, shades a portion of the light passing through the color wheel corresponding to the increased size.

Sequential color display device including light shading means

A field sequential color display device includes a color wheel assembly. The color wheel assembly has a color wheel which is divided into a plurality of color regions and a motor for rotating the color wheel. The motor contains a sensor for detecting rotation of the motor and the sensor outputs at least one pulse per one revolution of the motor. The color wheel assembly also has a spatial light modulator for displaying image data that is driving in synchronization with the pulse output by the sensor.

Color wheel assembly and color sequential display device using the same, color wheel unit and color sequential display device using the same, and color sequential display device

In a display panel, a first substrate is opposed to a second substrate and interposing a liquid crystal/resin composite layer. If the display panel is a transmission type display, a film for absorbing light is formed on a black matrix and between pixel electrodes. If the display panel is a reflection type display, a film for absorbing light is formed between reflection electrodes. Further, a counterelectrode is made from a multi-layer film of dielectric films and a transparent electrically conductive film for preventing reflection. The film for absorbing light includes pigments which can absorb light modulated by the liquid crystal/resin composite layer. By using the display panel, a projection display system of high contrast and high brightness can be constructed.

Display panel and projection display system with use of display panel

In an optical system phase device such as .lambda./2 plate or a .lambda./4 plate is used to convert S polarization to P polarization and vice versa. In the projection display, a white light emitted from a light source is separated by a color separation optical system, including dichroic mirrors or a dichroic prism, into three primary colors which are modulated by optical modulation elements. Then, the modulated lights are synthesized by a color synthesis optical system and projected by a projection element onto a screen. When appropriate plates are inserted appropriately in the optical system of the projection display, the conversion between S and P polarization occurs and an optical bandwidth becomes narrow, and color purity can be improved. A thick transparent plate is preferably adhered to the optical modulation element. A light absorption film is applied to an ineffective plane of the transparent plate. The phase device is preferably inserted between an optical modulation element and a transparent plate or the like to improve contrast. The invention can be applied to liquid crystal panels such as liquid crystal/resin display panels, light beam writing type display panel or micro mirror display panel. Preferably, the phase device is set to be rotatable so as to adjust contrast appropriately.

Liquid crystal panel and projection display with use of liquid crystal

In a light valve, a liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal/resin composite is interposed between a transparent substrate with a counterelectrode and a reflection substrate with reflection electrodes. The size of the transparent substrate is designed so that the light modulated by the liquid crystal layer is prevented from again entering into the liquid crystal layer after reflected at an interface of the transparent substrate with air. The transparent substrate may be combined with a transparent plate or flat concave lens with a transparent coupling material. Each pixel has a reflection electrode and liquid crystal molecules above the reflection electrode are aligned according to the signals supplied to thin film transistors. The counterelectrode is formed as a multi-layer film of dielectric films and a transparent electrically conductive film. The dielectric films are made of a material having a refractive index of 1.6-1.8, and the optical thickness of the dielectric films is .lambda./4 while that of the transparent electrically conductive film is .lambda./2. Thus, the reflection of light is prevented by the interference in the multi-layer film. By using the light valve apparatus, the incident light entering from the side of the counterelectrode is scattered or it is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer, reflected by the reflection electrodes and leaves through the counterelectrode. By using the light valve apparatus in a projection display system, an image of high brightness and high contrast can be realized.

Light valve having reduced reflected light, high brightness and high

A light valve includes a light valve layer for forming an optical image as variations in its ability to scatter light, and two substrates between which the light valve layer is sandwiched and at least one of which is transparent. The light valve satisfies the following condition: ##EQU1## where t denotes a central thickness of the at least one of the substrates, n denotes a refractive index of the at least one of the substrates and d denotes a maximum diameter of an effective display area of the light valve layer. Alternatively, a transparent plate can be optically coupled to one of the substrates by a transparent body. In this case, the same condition is satisfied except that the thickness refers to a central thickness from a face of the transparent plate remote from the transparent body to the light valve layer.

Light valve and display system with a substrate having particular

A liquid crystal projection device includes a light source, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal panel for forming an optical image as a function of changes in the light scattering condition, a polarizing plate disposed on at lest one of the incident and exit sides of the liquid crystal panel with respect to the direction of travel of the light, and a projection lens for projecting the optical image onto a polarizing screen. The polarizing plate is removably and rotatably supported so that, by rotating the polarizing plate, the direction of the axis of polarization of the polarizing plate can be substantially aligned with the direction of the axis of the polarizing screen. The polarizing screen is utilized when the polarizing plate is mounted, but a non-polarizing screen may be utilized when the polarizing plate is not used, i.e., removed. Where the polarizing plates is used on both of the incident and exit sides of the panel, the direction of the axis of polarization of the polarizing plate on the incident side is to be substantially aligned with that of the polarizing plate on the exit side.

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal projection display having polarizing

A light valve projection apparatus includes a light source, a light valve used for forming optical images in response to a change in light scattering conditions in the light valve of light irradiated from the light source, a projection lens for projecting the optical images on a screen, and a shield for shielding the optical images formed at or near a pupil of the projection lens. If the brightness of light exiting from the light valve, which is in a light scattering state, in a direction tilted by .theta. degrees from a normal dissection of the light valve is assumed to be half as bright as the light outgoing in the normal direction at .theta..sub.1/2, .theta..sub.1/2 of the light valve is less than 23.degree.. The light valve may be a polymer dispersion liquid crystal display panel. When the polymer dispersion liquid crystal display panel is in a transparent state, light transmitted through the liquid crystal display panel is shielded by the shield, thus showing a black display on a screen. When the polymer dispersion liquid crystal display panel is in a light scattering state, light is scattered by the panel so that images formed in the panel are enlarged and projected by way of the projection lens onto the screen, thereby showing a bright white display.

Light scattering light valve projection apparatus

A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate, at least one of which possesses light transmissivity, each having an electrode layer formed thereon, the electrode layers confronting each other, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, divided into plural regions, and including liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the same direction in each of first regions, and in a different direction in second regions each located between two adjacent first regions. The second regions are spaced at a regular periodicity. Without an electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer, the different orientations of the liquid crystal molecules create differences in the refractive indices at which the light is transmitted so as to serve as a phase grating the diffracts incident light. When an electric field is applied, the difference in the refractive indices decreases, and the incident light is not diffracted but propagates as is through the panel. The liquid crystal display panel may be incorporated into a projection display apparatus having a light source and projection lens.

Liquid crystal display panel having a phase grating formed of liquid

A viewfinder suited for use in a video camera, wherein rays of light emitted at a large solid angle from a minute light emitting area of a light emitting element are converted by a condenser lens into a bundle of generally parallel rays of light having a narrow directionality before they enter a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display modulates the rays of light emerging from the condenser lens according to a video signal to effect an image display. The displayed image is magnified by a magnifying lens. The liquid crystal display is of a type wherein an optical image is formed as a function of a change in state of light scattering and may be a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display, a liquid crystal panel utilizing a dynamic scattering mode, a ferro-electric liquid crystal panel using a scattering mode or a display panel utilizing PLZT.

Viewfinder for video cameras

In a liquid crystal light valve apparatus comprising an incident side polarizing plate, a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell of active matrix type and an outgoing side polarizing plate, two phase difference plates are provided between the incident side polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell. Optical axes of both the phase difference plates are perpendicular with each other, and one of them is slanted by an angle, and thereby, a phase difference which is caused by the liquid crystal cell is compensated by the phase difference caused by two phase difference plates.

Liquid crystal light valve apparatus with a pair of non-parallel phase

Pixel electrodes of a liquid crystal panel are made of a transparent conductive material, while a reflection electrode is formed on a counter substrate. A liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal/resin composite is interposed between the pixel electrodes and the reflection electrode. Incident light is scattered in the liquid crystal layer or transmits the liquid crystal layer and is reflected by the reflection electrode according to the applied voltage to modulate the light. The pixel electrodes consist for example of two layers of a dielectric layer of thickness of .lambda./4 and a transparent conductive layer of thickness of .lambda./2. A grating is formed on the reflection electrode at the interface with the liquid crystal. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the refractive index thereof changes to be equal to that of the grating, and the incident light propagates straightly. Otherwise the incident light is diffracted. The liquid crystal panel is used as a light bulb for a projection type television.

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal panel with diffraction grating and

A liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal/polymer composite between two substrates, one of which having a matrix of pixel electrodes. A mosaic color filter of red, green and blue is provided above counterelectrodes or pixel electrodes. The average pore size of the resin component or of the diameter of liquid crystal droplets in the composite is selected according to the color of the color filter. The average of pore sizes is the largest for red, and the smallest for blue. The average of pore sizes of the resin on the switching elements and on the signal lines is smaller than that on the pixel electrodes. This liquid crystal display panel is used as a light bulb for a projection type television system. This liquid crystal display panel is also used as a viewfinder of a video camera.

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Suita, Japan

Hideki Ohmae