Hitachi, Ltd.

Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd.

Hidekazu Nakamoto

Susumu Harada

Norifumi Maeda

Shuji Yamaguchi

Chikao Oda

Takatoshi Kinoshita

Michio Suzuki

Kenichi Watanabe

Norio Nakazato

Yasunari Sase

Tokinobu Furukawa

Morihisa Maruko

Kazuo Ihara

Takeshi Kawasaki

Tetsuo Andou

Sachihiro Yoshimatsu

Seijiro Todori

Michiaki Matumoto

Nobuo Kimura

Hironori Etou

Hirohiko Shindoh

Kazuo Ishida

Masashi Yanagi

An apparatus for continuously producing polyester comprises three single reactors, i.e. a single esterification reactor (first reactor), a single initial polymerization reactor (second reactor) and a single final polymerization reactor (third reactor or final polymerizer), where at least one of the first reactor and the second reactor is free from an external stirring power source, or the third reactor is a horizontal, one-shaft-type, low speed rotation type reactor. Necessary number of reactors for the esterification and polycondensation reactions can be a minimum and necessary stirring power consumption for the reaction can be a minimum, and thus polyester polymers of good quality can be efficiently produced at a minimum energy cost in a necessary minimum reactor structure.

Process and apparatus for continuous polycondensation

To obtain a wide passenger compartment space, the thickness of a heat insulating acoustical layer is reduced, and for this purpose, a comfortable in-car environment is obtained by using a vacuum insulating panel which combines high heat insulating performance and sound insulating performance. A heat insulating acoustical layeris formed on one surface of a lightweight alloy structureof double skin construction by using a vacuum insulating panelas a middle member and sandwiching two surfaces of the panel with elastic sound absorbing materialsmade of a nonwoven fabric or a foamed body, and the heat insulating acoustical layer is covered with an interior materialOwing to this construction, the transmission loss of a noise which transmits from the double skin structure side is improved by the mutual actions of the elasticity of the sound absorbing material and the rigidity of the vacuum heat insulating panel.

Heat insulating acoustical structure and carbody shell structure using the same

Polybutylene terephthalate having good heat stability and excellent hydrolysis resistance is continuously produced in a series of a first reactor for reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid comprising terephthalic acid as a main ingredient or a derivative thereof with a glycol comprising 1,4-butanediol as a main ingredient, thereby producing an oligomer with an average degree of polymerization of 2.2 to 5, a second reactor for polycondensating the oligomer from the first reactor, thereby preparing a low polymerization product with an average degree of polymerization of 25 to 40, and a third reactor for further polycondensating the low polymerization product from the second reactor, thereby producing a high molecular weight polyester with an average degree of polymerization of 70 to 130, or followed by a fourth reactor for further polycondensing the polyester from the third reactor to an average degree of polymerization of 150 to 200, thereby producing a high molecular weight polyester. Another third reactor or a plurality of third reactors can be provided in parallel to the third reactor, thereby producing different kinds of polybutylene phthalate with different degrees of polymerization from that produced in the main line of the third and fourth reactors or adjusting operating conditions of each of a plurality of the third reactors to increase kinds, precise quality.

Production apparatus for polybutylene terephthalate

An apparatus for continuously producing polybutylene terephthalate, which comprises a first reactor for reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with a glycol, thereby producing an oligomer, a second reactor for polycondensating the oligomer, thereby preparing a low polymerization product, and a third reactor for further polycondensating the low polymerization product, thereby producing a high molecular weight polyester, where the second reactor is a vertical, cylindrical polymerization vessel having a plurality of concentrical partitioned reaction compartments therein, each of the reaction compartments being provided with stirring blades and a heater, and an outlet for volatile matters being provided at the upper part of the vessel. The second reactor contributes to efficient and continuous production of polybutylene terephthalate having a good quality.

Production process and production apparatus for polybutylene terephthalate

Polybutylene terephthalate having good heat stability and excellent hydrolysis resistance is continuously produced in a series of a first reactor for reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid comprising terephthalic acid as a main ingredient or a derivative thereof with a glycol comprising 1,4-butanediol as a main ingredient, a second reactor for polycondensating the oligomer from the first reactor, and a third reactor for further polycondensating the low polymerization product from the second reactor, or followed by a fourth reactor for further polycondensing the polyester from the third reactor. Another third reactor or a plurality of third reactors can be provided in parallel to the third reactor.

Process for continuously producing polybutylene terephthalate

Focusing method and exposure apparatus for focusing both a parallel light beam and a non-parallel light beam through a movable objective lens onto an object. A negative feedback loop is provided which has a detector for receiving a reflection light beam of the non-parallel light beam passed through the movable objective lens, reflected at the object and passed through the movable objective lens, for generating a detection signal corresponding to a focus deviation of the non-parallel light beam, and a driver for receiving the detection signal to control a position of the movable objective lens in accordance with the detection signal, so that the detection signal is decreased. The negative feedback loop further includes a correction signal generator for generating a correction signal and supplying it to the negative feedback loop as a disturbance of the loop so that the parallel light beam is focused onto the object.

Arrangements for correction of focusing light beam, and system using the same

Method and apparatus for continuous polycondensation

Agitator blades formed by connecting a plurality of frame members are provided in a cylindrical or conical container to realize the agitator blade structure without rotary shaft. Therefore, less liquids being treated adhere onto the rotary shaft or the agitator blades and less residue of the liquids is formed, making it possible to obtain a final high viscosity polymer using the same agitator vessel preventing the quality from being deteriorated.

Apparatus for producing high viscosity materials and method of producing

Method for producing high viscosity materials

The present invention comprises a pair of agitator blades which have a plurality of annular members connected to each other and which are provided in parallel in a cylindrical vessel body, the agitator blades being held so that the edges of one of the agitator blades enter the rotational region of the other agitator blade and pass therethrough. Consequently, the invention prevents liquid to be treated from adhering to and rotating together with rotational shafts and the agitator blades and deterioration in product quality due to scaling so as to enable the continuous treatment of a highly viscous material.

Continuous treatment apparatus for viscous material

A fuel supply control system including a major area diaphragm and a minor area diaphragm defining therebetween a reference pressure chamber. A control pressure chamber is located adjacent the major area diaphragm on a side thereof opposite to the reference pressure chamber and a controlled pressure chamber is located adjacent the minor area diaphragm on a side thereof opposite to the reference pressure chamber. A valve is connected to the diaphragms for regulating the opening of an orifice of a fuel passage and the controlled pressure chamber serves as a chamber of the fuel passage. The control pressure chamber is connected to a combustion air supply passage system, and the reference pressure chamber is connected to a portion of an air supply and exhaust passage system, in which the pressure is lower than the pressure in the combustion air supply passage system.

Fuel supply control system

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Kudamatsu, Japan

Hidekazu Nakamoto