John Zink Company, LLC

Hershel E Goodnight

Robert D Reed

Richard R Martin

John S Zink

Alan D Witwer

Kurt S Jaeger

Richard T Waibel

Earl W Schnell

Vern A Street

Dale A Nickeson

A duct burner apparatus and method for burning a gaseous fuel in the presence of a flowing oxygen-containing gas stream is provided. The apparatus comprises fuel gas supply means positioned in the path of the oxygen-containing gas stream and at least one elongated baffle means spaced from the conduit means on the downstream side thereof. The baffle means includes an inner wall portion and diverging outer wing portions and defines an ignition zone which is shielded from the conduit means. Spacer means for supporting the baffle means are attached thereto and to the conduit means, and fuel gas nozzle means are removably connected to the conduit means which extend to the baffle means for introducing fuel gas into the ignition zone and downstream thereof.

Duct burner apparatus

An improved fuel oil atomizer which comprises a burner tube through which fuel oil is supplied under selected pressure, and a coaxial surrounding steam tube providing an annular space therebetween, the flow of steam being under greater pressure than the oil pressure. A burner head is joined to the burner oil tube through an orifice of selected diameter. The burner head has a long axial bore of constant selected diameter, which leads to the burner tip, which has a plurality of tip ports. There are a number of transverse ports between the annular steam path and the central bore, so that the steam can flow under pressure into the central bore of the burner head to mix thoroughly with the pressurized oil flowing from the orifice. Two factors are important in the construction of the burner head, namely that the central bore must be of constant diameter from the point where the steam and oil mix, outwardly toward the burner tip ports. Secondly, the total cross-sectional area of the tip ports must be less than the cross-sectional area of the central bore.

Fuel oil atomizer

A fluid fuel burner system for minimum production of NOX under varying rates of fuel firing and varying rates of combustion air or oxidant supply, which comprises a fuel burner including means for burning liquid and gaseous fuel. Liquid fuels are burned in an axial burner tube, and the gaseous fuels are burned in a plurality of gas burner tubes located in a circle coaxial with the liquid burner. A first air or oxidant plenum supplies primary-plus-secondary air or oxidant, the primary air or oxidant going to the liquid burner and the secondary air or oxidant going to the gas burner. The total of primary plus secondary is less than stoichiometric flow so that the combustion of the fuel in a first combustion chamber provides a reducing atmosphere to preclude the formation of NOX. Means are provided for independently controlling the primary air or oxidant flow compared to the secondary air or oxidant flow, or vice versa. A second air or oxidant plenum provides tertiary air or oxidant to a second combustion space downstream of the first combustion chamber. Control means provide independent control of the primary-plus-secondary air or oxidant flow to the first plenum as a selected ratio to the tertiary air or oxidant, that flows to the second plenum.

Low NOX burner

A premix-type gaseous fuel burning system for alternate or simultaneous combustion of low BTU gas and normal BTU gas comprises a gas supply means for providing both high BTU gas and low BTU gas at selected substantial velocity, and a burner tube for receiving said gas, whereby primary air is inducted into the burner tube and mixed with the gas flow. A burner head comprises a long narrow rectangular structure of tapered construction that is inserted upwardly into a corresponding rectangular opening in the floor of the furnace. The opening is also tapered in the same direction as the burner head, but with a selected annular spacing between the walls of the opening and the burner head. Means are provided for vertically adjusting the position of the burner head within the opening. Secondary combustion air is directed through the annular space between the burner head and the opening in the floor of a furnace.

Premix burner system for low BTU gas fuel

A burner for reduced NOx emission and also for the control of the shape of the flame as regards its length and spread, comprises a first combustion zone, which is contained within a cylindrical chamber lined with refractory material. A burner tube is inserted through an opening in the upstream end of the first combustion zone, the burner including means for providing and burning liquid and gaseous fuel. A first air plenum is provided upstream of the first combustion zone with means for supplying less-than-stoichiometric combustion air in a tangential swirling manner, prior to entering the first combustion zone. A second air plenum is provided coaxial with and surrounding the first combustion zone and tertiary air is supplied tangentially to this air plenum so that the tertiary air will flow in a helical swirling motion along the outside of the first combustion chamber, around the downstream end of the combustion chamber and will meet and mix with the hot products of combustion from the first combustion chamber. Control of the shape of the flame is provided by controlling the relative directions of tangential flow of air in the two plena.

Burner for reduced NOx emission and control of flame spread and length

A gas burner system for providing a thin, flat flame for use in a long narrow combustion space, has a first air supply plenum which has a long narrow rectangular cross-section, which is placed above a second plenum or combustion chamber of substantially the same cross-section. At the junction between the first and second plena there are longitudinal projections inwardly from both long walls of the second plenum, forming a long narrow rectangular inlet to the second plenum. A burner assembly comprising an elongated flattened pipe having a plurality of short air baffles welded on each side is supported in this narrow inlet to the second plenum and substantially in the center thereof. The overall width of the burner assembly is less than that of the inlet so that there are two longitudinal gaps between the burner assembly and the projections for the passage of combustion air. There are two sets of ports in the lower edge of the flattened pipe. A first set provides downstreamwardly and outwardly projecting ports for the passage of the major gas flow. A second set of smaller gas ports are drilled substantially laterally to the vertical, and the gas therefrom flows into the space behind the air baffles where a stable, sheltered flame can be provided, for continuous ignition of the major flow of gas issuing at high velocity from the first set of ports, and turbulently mixing with the air flow downwardly through the gaps. The walls of the second plenum and projections can be of conventional refractory material, or they can be of metal which is water cooled.

Thin and flat flame burner

A gaseous fuel burner for enhanced flame adherence to a tile surface in a furnace, comprising a gas burner tube having a nozzle at its end, including a plurality of radial orifices circumferentially spaced in a transverse plane. A cylindrical combustion air plenum is coaxial with said burner tube, and means are provided to supply combustion air to said plenum at a selected super-atmospheric pressure P1. There is a circular concentric opening in the wall of the plenum and a short length of air tube welded to the opening, which is inserted into an opening in the furnace tile. A plurality of curved vanes are provided, and means to lead air from the pressurized plenum through the vanes to provide a rapidly spinning air flow which moves helically along the air tube into the tile and into the furnace. The central opening of the tile is flared in an arcuate manner. There is sufficient pressure drop between the air plenum at P1 and inside of the air tube P2, after passage through the vanes, of the order of 0.8 W.C. so that a tangential air velocity of as high as 100 feet per second is possible. This rapidly spinning air volume has fuel injected into it under pressure through the radial orifices, and flows into the furnace in an expanding spiral flow along the arcuate portion of the tile. Because of the high tangential velocity of the air, gas and flame, the pressure at the face of the tile is low and the flame is held in close contact with the tile causing rapid heat transfer to the tile which then radiates into the furnace area.

Gas burner for flame adherence to tile surface

Apparatus for use in conjunction with boiler flue gases, for generating inert blanketing gases, for safety in the pumping out of hydrocarbons or other flammable liquids from tanks or containers, such as might be used on board ship while unloading liquid fuels, etc. The apparatus comprises a circular vessel with a vertical axes. Coaxial with the outer wall of the vessel is an inner refractory wall of lesser diameter, which houses a combustion zone. Liquid fuel is supplied under pressure axially at the top of the combustion zone and, with atomizer means, a spray of liquid fuel droplets is projected downwardly in the combustion zone. Flue gases from a boiler or similar source is supplied, along with combustion air from a blower, to a plenum upstream of the fuel spray. This provides a downgoing flame inside of the combustion chamber, which flows downwardly, past the bottom edge of the refractory wall, and upwardly in the annular space between the refractory wall and the vessel wall. A downward spray of water droplets from a plurality of nozzles in the annular space serves to clean and cool the hot gases, which flow upwardly in the annular space, past a demisting means, to the tank or other receiving device, which is to be filled with the blanketing gas.

Apparatus for use in conjunction with boiler flue gases for generating

Apparatus for burning gaseous and liquid fuels in a furnace, to retard formation of NO.sub.x, comprising a fuel tube of selected length and diameter, closed at the end which is inserted into a combustion zone. There are a plurality of ports drilled in the closed end of the fuel tube, the axes of which lie on a conical surface coaxial with the fuel tube. The fuel tube is inserted coaxially into a burner tube of selected larger diameter, and the distant ends are substantially coplanar. A plurality of jets of low pressure steam are injected through a plurality of ports into the annular space between the fuel tube and the burner tube at the outer end of the burner tube. The steam jets flowing through the ports induce a flow of primary combustion air, which mixes with the steam and flows down the annular space to mix with the high velocity jets of fuel as they emerge from the ports on the fuel tube. The fuel, air, and steam mix together prior to entering the combustion reaction zone.

Steam injection to zone of onset of combustion in fuel burner

Apparatus to burn liquid fuels in a gaseous fuel burner, which includes preparatory apparatus for the atomization of liquid fuel oil preferably by a diluent gas, and the heating of the fuel droplets and diluent gas so as to completely vaporize the liquid fuel. If atomization is by other means, diluent gas is added prior to vaporization heating. The resulting oil vapor-diluent gas mixture then goes to a burner which utilizes the central orifice of a conventional gas burner. Primary air is induced into the burner tube due to the high velocity of jets of oil vapor-diluent gas. The diluent gas permits low vapor pressure of oil vapor and thus lower operating temperature. For the use of gaseous fuel, the same burner is utilized. The diluent gas can be preferably any noncombustible and non-oxygen containing gas.

Method to mix liquid fuels with diluent gas for a gaseous fuel burner

A regenerative tile structure for fluid fuel burners having a zirconium oxide coated metal flange shaped member providing a central orifice for producing a significant and very rapid increase in flame temperature by guided recirculation of hot flame gases.

Regenerative tile structure for fuel burners

In a fired furnace system having a convection section, and in which control a furnace draft is vital to both fuel conservation and avoidance of furnace damage, apparatus for monitoring the pressure conditions (draft) inside the furnace comprises a first pressure sensor means positioned at the arch (roof) of the furnace, a second pressure sensor means inside the furnace downstream from the convection section, and differential pressure measuring means connected between the first and second means for constantly measuring the pressure drop through the convection section. Alarm means are provided on the pressure drop measuring means to indicate increase or decrease in the pressure drop in the convection section, so that changes in burning conditions, which cause a greater pressure drop or less than normal, and which would result in either significant fuel loss or furnace damage or both if not immediately corrected, can through attention-requiring alarm, cause the required immediate correction to be made as fuel-firing conditions warrant adjustment of draft control means where the term 'draft' is in reference to the condition of less-than-atmospheric pressure within the furnace.

Draft tell-tale for fired furnaces

Apparatus to burn liquid fuels in a gaseous fuel burner, which includes preparatory apparatus for the atomization of liquid fuel oil preferably by steam, and the heating of the fuel droplets and steam so as to completely vaporize the liquid fuel. If atomization is by other means, steam is added prior to vaporization heating. The resulting oil vapor-steam mixture then goes to a burner which utilizes the central orifice of a conventional gas burner, plus an annular orifice concentric with the gas orifice, through which steam is supplied. Primary air is induced into the burner tube due to the high velocity jets of steam and of oil vapor-steam. The steam protects the hot vapor from the air until the combination issues from the end of the burner tube. For the use of gaseous fuel, the same burner is utilized except that the steam flow is turned off since the steam is not needed for the induction of the primary air, due to the higher velocity of the jets of gas.

Apparatus to burn liquid fuels in a gaseous fuel burner

An improved burner for both liquid and gaseous fuels in which the combustion air is divided into at least two parts, comprising primary and secondary air. The primary air, which is insufficient to completely burn the fuel, creates a flame zone in which there is a deficiency of air, which produces quantities of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The combustion products are recirculated, cooled and re-entered into the combustion zone in the region of the fuel and primary air entry, resulting in a reduction in the oxides of nitrogen. The secondary air, in quantities greater than the primary air, is introduced into a second combustion zone downstream of the first combustion zone. In the second combustion zone the deficiency in air is made up by the secondary air so that complete combustion can be carried out. If desired, a third quantity of air can be introduced still farther downstream in the flame zone.

Low nox burner

A duct burner primarily for use in raising the temperature of turbine exhaust gas (TEG) to a usable temperature to operate a steam generator or the like. The burner comprises an array of downstream facing burners capable of burning low grade fuel oil in a low oxygen environment, each burner being provided with gas burning backup and individual flame scan capabilities.

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Tulsa, OK, United States of America

Hershel E Goodnight