Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft

The Lummus Company

Hermann Richtzenhain

Wilhelm Vogt

Egon N Petersen

Norbert Vollkommer

Uwe Prange

Gunter Zoche

Moustafa El-Chahawi

Gerhard Bier

Georg Blumenfeld

Klaus Schrage

Rudolf Stephan

Paul Riegger

Moustafa El Chahawi

Paul Janssen, Deceased

Dagmar Kottek

Abraham P Gelbein

Marcel Feld

Klaus Redecker

Werner Schmidt

Gerhard Daum

Wilhelm Joch

Volker Hunger

Norbert Volkommer

Roshdy Ismail

Manfred Gorlitz

Wilhelm Flick

Georg Blumfeld

Egon N Peterson

Improvement in the process of producing carboxylic acid esters or salts involving contacting a halogen alkyl compound with carbon monoxide and a basic substance in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst for carbonylation of the halogen alkyl and production of the corresponding ester or salt of the basic substance. The improvement involves performing the contacting in a reaction vessel, circulating a liquid mass of the halogen alkyl, basic substance and carbonylation catalyst through the vessel and maintaining a carbon monoxide atmosphere in the vessel, injecting the circulating liquid mass into the vessel with a nozzle to spray the liquid mass into the vessel and intimately mixing the liquid mass with carbon monoxide in the nozzle for injection of carbon monoxide into the vessel with the sprayed liquid mass.

Method and apparatus for performing carbonylation reactions

Production of malonic acid dialkyl esters by reacting halogen acetic acid alkyl ester with carbon monoxide, and alkali alcoholate, alkali earth alcoholate or a solution of alkali hydroxide in an alcohol at a pH of up to 8.5 in the presence of a cobalt compound which is a catalyst for the reaction.

Method of preparing malonic acid dialkyl esters

The invention relates to halogenous polyesters with the recurrent general formula ##STR1## in which at least part of the R's, e.g. 1 to 100 mole-%, preferably 100 mole-%, or 2 to 10 mole-%, are of the general formulas ##STR2## and 0 to 99 mole-%, preferably 0 or 90 to 98 mole-%, of the R's correspond to a phenylene radical and/or a naphthylene radical and/or an alkylene radical of 3 to 10 carbon atoms and/or a cycloalkylene radical, and the R's represent an organic moiety which is contained in bivalent saturated alcohols and corresponds to a branched or unbranched saturated alkylene radical of 2 to 10 carbon atoms and/or to a cycloalkylene radical and/or which is derived from an alkyleneterephthalate containing hydroxyl groups, preferably an oligomeric ethyleneterephthalate and/or an oligomeric propyleneterephthalate and/or an oligomeric butyleneterephthalate, wherein Z represents the groups ##STR3## and X represents hydrogen, bromine or chlorine, wherein at least some of the X's are bromine or chlorine, and in which polyesters, in some cases, a portion of the R's are residues of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid derivatives which, together with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, preferably styrene, are capable of forming peroxide-curable unsaturated polyester resin (UP resin) solutions, and their preparation as well as their use as fire-retardant molding compositions or articles, and also dicarboxylic acid esters some of which can be used in the preparation of the polyesters as well as the preparation of these dicarboxylic acid esters. Preferably the xylene nucleus in (2) is substituted by Br.sub.4.0 to 2.8 and Cl.sub.0 to 1.2.

Bis-carbalkoxy compounds and their preparation

Halogen-containing bis-acrylates and bis-methacrylates corresponding to the formula ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen or a methyl group and X represents chlorine and/or bromine, are provided as well as a process for producing such compounds. The compounds are useful for the formation of polymers and copolymers and as cross-linking agents. Also included in the invention are the polymers and copolymers based on the above-described halogen-containing bis-acrylates and bis-methacrylates, methods for the production of said polymers and the use of said polymers as flame proofing agents, etc.

Halogen-containing unsaturated bis-esters and polymers and copolymers

Aryl sulfonic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl groups of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, bromine or chlorine, R.sup.2 represents R.sup.1 or the group ##STR2## Hal represents bromine or chlorine, x the numbers 2 to 4, n the numbers 3 to 5, y the numbers 4-x; m=5-n, R.sup.3 represents bromine, chlorine or the group ##STR3## and Z represents --O--, --S--, ##STR4## alkylene with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or alkylidene; a process for their product and their use as a flame retardant, especially for polyolefins.

Arylsulfonic acid bromophenyl esters, their preparation, and their use

An improvement in the preparation of orthosilicic acid tetraalkyl esters by reaction of metallic silicon with alcohol in the presence of alkali alcoholate is disclosed, the improvement residing in carrying out the reaction in the co-presence of an ether alcohol or alkanolamine as cocatalyst.

Method for preparation of orthosilicic acid tetraalkyl esters

Process for the side-chain chlorination of aromatic compounds completely halogenated in the nucleus, containing methyl groups, and having the general formulas: ##STR1## wherein y=1 or 2, z=0 to 1, x=6-(y+z), n=0 to 8 and k=(8-n) and the methyl groups are, respectively, in the ortho, meta or para position to one another and in the p-position to the oxygen bridge, by thermal chlorination in the liquid phase. The bis-monochloromethyl compounds of formula (II) are novel compounds. The chlorination products are useful as intermediates.

Process for the side-chain chlorination of perhalogenated methyl

Process of preparing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, comprising contacting an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated halogen compound with carbon monoxide, an alkali alcoholate in the presence of a metal carbonyl as catalyst, in an alcohol that is the basis of the alkali alcoholate, at a pH of 8.5-11.5. Thereby, for example, crotonic acid methyl ester can be produced from allyl chloride.

Method of preparing .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters

Linear or unsaturated polyesters prepared from bis-carbalkoxy compounds

Halogen-containing bis-acrylates and bis-methacrylates corresponding to the formula ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen or a methyl group and X represents chlorine and/or bromine, are provided as well as a process for producing such compounds. The compounds are useful for the formation of polymers and copolymers and as a cross-linking agents. Also included in the invention are the polymers and copolymers based on the above-described halogen-containing bis-acrylates and bis-methacrylates, methods for the production of said polymers and the use of said polymers as flame proofing agents, etc.

Halogen-containing unsaturated bis-esters

Tetrahaloxylene diesters of formulas 1 and 2: ##STR1## wherein R= hydrogen or a methyl group, and each X is bromo, with the proviso that some of the X's can be chloro. The compounds are useful as flame retardants for plastics.

Tetrabromoxylylene diacrylates and substituted acrylates

A process for preparing an .alpha.-substituted cyanoacetic acid alkyl ester which comprises contacting an unsaturated nitrile of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and

Method of preparing .alpha.-substituted cyanoacetic acid alkyl esters

Process for the production of terephthalic dialdehyde by hydrolysis of .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.'-tetrachloro-p-xylene, which comprises contacting .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.'-tetrachloro-p-xylene and steam in a reaction zone at a temperature and for a time sufficient for hydrolysis of the .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.'-tetrachloro-p-xylene to form said dialdehyde.

Process for production of terephthalic dialdehyde

Aryl sulfonic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl groups of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, bromine or chlorine, R.sup.2 represents R.sup.1 or the group ##STR2## Hal represents bromine or chlorine, x the numbers 2 to 4, n the numbers 3 to 5, y the numbers 4-x; m = 5-n, R.sup.3 represents bromine, chlorine or the group ##STR3## and Z represents --O--, --S--, ##STR4## alkylene with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or alkylidene; a process for their product and their use as a flame retardant, especially for polyolefins.

Brominated dibenzofuran of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN X + Y = 6.0 TO 7.0 AND Y = 0 TO 0.3. The brominated dibenzofuran can be prepared by reaction of bromine and dibenzofuran at 0.degree. and 150.degree. C in the presence of halogenation catalyst. The products are useful as flameproofing agents for organic polymers, e.g. polyethylene.

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Much-Schwellenbach, Germany

Hermann Richtzenhain