Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.

Bruker Axs Analytical X-ray Systems Gmbh

Herbert Goebel

Manfred Schuster

Carsten Michaelsen

Ruediger Bormann

Some embodiments include a ring anode to emit radiation, and a conical monochromator to monochromatize the emitted radiation. According to some aspects, an outer diameter of the ring anode is greater than an outer diameter of a base of the monochromator.

System to generate therapeutic radiation

An X-ray analysis apparatus having a curved paraboloid-shaped curved graded multilayer Bragg reflector (,) is characterized in that the layers of the reflector (,) are directly introduced onto a concave curved surface of a paraboloid-shaped hollow substrate and a maximum allowable shape deviation for the concave substrate surface facing the reflector is &Dgr;p&equals;{square root over (2px)} &Dgr;&thgr;,, and having a maximum allowable waviness

X-ray analysis apparatus with a graded multilayer mirror

An x-ray diffractometer is equipped with a position sensitive detector and a collimator preceding the detector. The lamellae of the collimator are radially aligned to the specimen, which is arranged in the center of a measurement circle along which the detector and collimator move during a measurement. Therefore, only the x-radiation scattered at the specimen contributes to the measured signal. An elliptically deformed multi-layer mirror is provided at the primary beam side, which deflects the source radiation in the direction of the specimen without great intensity loss and focuses it at a point lying on the measurement circle. Analysis of powdered specimens that are enclosed in glass capillaries can be undertaken. A low-background measurement of diffraction diagrams in an x-ray diffractometer given efficient use of the primary beam is achieved.

X-ray diffractometer

An x-ray diffractometer is disclosed having a position-sensitive detector which is quasi-continuously movable in stepped fashion around a sample by a stepping motor. Output signals triggered by x-ray quanta are output from the position-sensitive detector and converted by an electronic evaluation unit into a time duration corresponding to a position of a particular x-ray quantum in the detector. The time-digital converter connected to the evaluation unit converts the time duration to a digital signal. A digital adder is provided having three inputs. The first input connects to an output of the time-digital converter, the second input connects to receive a digital value generated by a counter associated with the stepping motor, and a third input connects with a digital region selector. An output of the adder connects to a multi-channel analyzer having a plurality of regions therein for analyzing various desired measurement applications. The digital region selector addresses the appropriate region in the analyzer for a desired measurement application.

X-Ray diffractometer with high time resolution

An X-ray powder diffractometer functioning as a goniometer is disclosed wherein a monochromatic X-ray source is provided together with a sample to be analyzed and a detector means with position sensitive behavior. A transport system for digitally controllable advance drive is provided so as to advance the detector along an arc suited for a Guinier method for transmission and/or back reflection beam direction. An electronic analysis system is provided for preparing an intensity diagram of a local distribution of diffracted radiation for a given position location 2.theta. of the detector. The analysis system includes an amplifier/discriminator for delivering a time signal corresponding to the position/location of a respective single photon event received from the detector. A time-digital converter connected to the amplifier/discriminator is also provided together with a multichannel analyzer connected to the time-to-digital converter by a digital adder. The position-sensitive detector is located diametrically opposite the sample on the Guinier circle so as to form an assembly. This assembly is rotated in the primary beam such that the primary beam always impinges on the sample, and the detector is always in a focus of the diffracted radiation.

X-ray powder diffractometer

An X-ray powder diffractometer and associated computing system is disclosed for diffraction analysis of samples by the generation of an intensity diagram. A detector having a position sensitive element is advanced along an arc over a desired angle by a step motor. A control circuit connected to the step motor produces impulses corresponding to advancement of the step motor. These impulses are continually summed as an indication of the current position of the detector along the arc. The position sensitive element in the detector produces position signals corresponding to the position at which the detected X-rays strike the element. These position signals are digitallized. The position address is added to the sum of the impulses from the step motor control means to produce a composite sum which is indicative of the precise angle at a given moment at which an X-ray photon is detected by the sensitive element in the detector. As the detector moves along the arc, the composite sum is continually updated. By these means all X-rays falling successively into a certain diffraction angle are accumulated in the same channel of a multichannel analyzer independent of the movement of the position sensitive detector along the arc.

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Munich, Germany

Herbert Goebel