Petroleo Brasileiro S.a. - Petrobras

Albemarle Corporation

Kior, Inc.

Petroleo Brasileiro S.a.

Henrique Soares Cerqueira

Paul O'Connor

Claudia Maria De Lacerda Alvarenga Baptista

Elizabeth Marques Moreira

Oscar René Chamberlain Pravia

Dennis N Stamires

Michael F Brady

Robert Bartek

Wilson Kenzo Huziwara

Steve Yanik

Jefferson Roberto Gomes

Erik Jeroen Laheij

José Mozart Fusco

Emanuel Freire Sandes

William Richard Gilbert

Cláudia Maria De L Alvarenga Baptista

Francisco René Mas Cabre

Alexandre De Figueiredo Costa

Oscar Rene Chamberlain Pravia

José Mózart Fusco

Cláudia M De Lacerda Alvarenga Baptista

Eduardo Falabella Sousa Aguiar

Paulo César Peixoto Bugueta

Claudio Maria De Lacerda Alvarenga Baptista

Fabió Lopes De Azevedo

Joberto Ferreira Dias Junior

Joan Rollán Martinez

Agustin Martines Feliu

Claudia Maria De Lacerda

Disclosed is a process for small-scale operation of biomass catalytic cracking. The process is suitable for lab scale and pilot plant operation, as well as for small-scale commercial operation. The process is suitable for simulating a continuous biomass catalytic cracking (BCC) process. The process comprises a biomass conversion cycle and a catalyst regeneration cycle. A fluid bed reactor and a reaction feed fluidizer suitable for use in the process are also disclosed.

Biomass catalytic conversion process and apparatus for use therein

Process for the production of hybrid catalysts formed by mixing two catalysts; one active in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the other being bifunctional. Such hybrid catalyst thus formed is active both in hydrocracking and in hydroisomerization reactions. The present invention in addition provides obtainment of a hybrid catalyst and application thereof conjointly with FT catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions. The hybrid catalyst of the present invention is capable of producing in conditions typically such as those utilized in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis branched hydrocarbons in diverse bands relating to the products thereof (for example naphtha and diesel), reducing or even eliminating necessity for a subsequent hydrotreatment stage in such synthesis reactions. Utilization of such hybrid catalysts of the present invention prolongs the operational efficiency and working life of conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts, reducing substantially encapsulation of particles thereof by waxes produced in the hydroprocessing reactions.

Process for the production of hybrid catalysts for fischer-tropsch synthesis and hybrid catalyst produced according to said process

Process for upgrading a liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising the steps of (a) preparing a slurry comprising the hydrocarbon feed having a boiling range above 350&#xb0; C. and solid particles comprising a rehydratable material, (b) thermally treating said slurry at a temperature in the range of 250 to 550&#xb0; C., (c) optionally separating the thermally treated slurry into (I) a lower boiling fraction and (ii) a higher boiling fraction containing the solid particles and formed coke, if any, and (d) separating the solid particles and formed coke, if any, from the thermally treated slurry resulting from step b) or the higher boiling fraction of step c).

Process for upgrading liquid hydrocarbon feeds

A stripping apparatus is described for the gas-solid separation process in a fluidized bed in a counter-current flow of a stripping fluid. The apparatus includes sets of perforated baffle-plates with holes, fixed in series, alternating central and lateral plates inside a stripping chamber. The holes in the baffle-plates, in number, size and in circular or elliptical lay-out, are oriented in offset position in relation to the holes in the parallel and subsequent baffle-plates, reducing the damage of erosion on the perforated baffle-plates and optimizing stripping of the fluidized solid particles.

Stripping apparatus for the gas-solid separation in a fluidized bed

A process is described for fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons with high levels of basic nitrogen, where hydrocarbon feedstocks A and B with different levels of basic nitrogen are injected in a segregated fashion, into different risers of a multiple riser FCCU that possesses at least two risers. The injection of the feedstocks is made in such a way that feedstock A, to be injected in the riser with greater volume&#x2014;main riserpossessing a level of basic nitrogen at least 200 ppm lower than the level of feedstock B to be injected into the riser with lower volume&#x2014;secondary riser ().

Process for fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks with high levels of basic nitrogen

A process for the fluid catalytic cracking of mixed hydrocarbon feeds from different sources is described, such as feeds A and B of different crackability, the process being especially directed to obtaining light fractions such as LPG and comprising injecting feed A in the base of the riser reactive section and feed B, of lower crackability, at a height between 10% and 80% of the riser, with feed B comprising between 5% and 50% of the total processed feed. The process requires that the feeds present differences in the contaminant content, improved dispersion of feeds A and B and feed B injection temperature same or higher than that of feed A.

Process for the fluid catalytic cracking of mixed feedstocks of hydrocarbons from different sources

A process and device to optimize the yield of fluid catalytic cracking products through a reactive stripping process are disclosed. One or more hydrocarbon streams () are introduced in an intermediary region of the stripper () of a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCC), from a device that allows a homogeneous distribution with adequate dispersion. This/these stream(s) react(s) with the catalyst of FCC, although its activity is reduced due to the adsorption of hydrocarbons in the reaction zone, generating products that improve and/or change the global distribution of products, providing a refinery profile adequate to meet quality demands and requirements.

Process and device to optimize the yield of fluid catalytic cracking products

A process for reducing the naphthenic acidity of petroleum oils, or their liquid fractions, is described, the process comprising a thermal treatment of the petroleum oils, or their liquid fractions, in the presence of an adsorbent the surface of which is covered by high molecular weight carbon compounds. Preferred adsorbents are the spent or coked FCC catalysts.

Process for reducing the naphthenic acidity of petroleum oils

A stripping apparatus for desorbing gases from solid particles through which flows counter-currently a stripping fluid is described, which comprises a series of sets of at least two parallel, segmented, baffle plates each, with the segmented baffles being oriented so that the rows are offset relative to rows of other levels, where the thickness and separation of said sets of baffles is so dimensioned as to reduce coalescence of the size of the formed bubbles and optimize the hydrocarbons desorption from said fluidized solid particles. The solid particles are mainly spent catalyst particles from a FCC process. The stripping process to be carried out in a fluidized bed comprises contacting the spent catalyst with a stripping fluid that flows upwardly in the fluidized bed in the form of bubbles. Adsorbed hydrocarbons present in the spent catalyst are transferred from the catalyst emulsion that flows downwardly to the upwardly moving bubbles, so as to promote the efficient recovery of cracked products.

Stripping apparatus and process

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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Henrique Soares Cerqueira