Elf France

Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine

Institut Francais Du Pe'trole

Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (production)

Societe Anonyme Elf France

Societe Elf France

Henri Grangette

Jean-Francois Coste

Jean Laurent

Paul Maldonado

Bernard Torck

Jacques Tellier

Pierre Amigues

Alain Faure

Bernard Michel Bossand

Yves Glaize

Christian Bernasconi

Roger J Gallo

Claude Chambu

Michel Llinares

Philippe Haicour

Francois Travers

Jean-Paul Barriol

Jean Bouvier

Bernard Constans

Patrice P Deschamps

Fred Fitoussi

Michel Crambes

Anne-Christine Trompette

Pierre Pivette

The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of overbased additives obtained by carbonation under constant pressure of carbon dioxide, the process consisting of carbonating a reaction mixture comprising a derivative of an alkaline-earth metal and at least one surfactant in a diluent oil and a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an oxygeneous accelerator and a nitrogeneous accelerator, while maintaining a constant pressure of carbon dioxide above the reaction mixture, the carbon dioxide is thus progressively introduced as it is consumed, thereby allowing its concentration in the liquid medium not to become too high which could thereafter provoke the formation of insoluble over-carbonated products, the reaction to be self-controlled and to obtain excellent yields of overbased products having very high alkaline values and alkaline-earth contents, while however remaining fluid and stable.

Process for synthesizing overbased additives under constant pressure of

Process for inhibition of microorganisms in liquid hydrocarbons by the introduction of one or more biocidal agents into these hydrocarbons, which also include a small quantity of water and a surface-active compound. This treatment is particularly useful for preserving liquid hydrocarbons such as petrol, kerosene, gasoline or domestic fuel while being stored.

Protection of hydrocarbons against the action of microorganisms

Process for producing a hydrocarbon cut of high octane number by etherification of an olefin-containing hydrocarbon cut. The olefinic cut, to which methanol is added, passes into an etherification reactor (1) wherefrom are separated (3) a bottom product (15) containing ethers, and a top product (14) containing residual methanol and unreacted light olefins. This top product passes into an etherification reactor (2) and then is washed with water (8). The top product is finally admixed with the bottom product. The so-obtained motor-fuel has a higher octane number than that of the initial hydrocarbon cut.

Process for producing a hydrocarbon cut of high octane number by

The present invention concerns novel lubricating compositions effective in reducing friction, for use, particularly, in turning machines and remarkable in that the additive comprises by at least one mono- or di-substituted carboxylic acid substituted in the .alpha. or .beta. position with respect to the acid function.

Friction-reducing lubricating compositions each comprising an additive

A process for the preparation of beta-disubstituted monocarboxylic acids derived from tertiary acyclic, monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbons. The process consists in reacting said hydrocarbons with vinylidene chloride and either a functional compound where the molecule includes a tertiary carbon atom bonded to the heteroatom of a functional group such as a tertiary alcohol, an ether, or a tertiary halide or an alkene, in the presence of a concentrated protonic acid. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst of the Lewis acid type and particularly BF.sub.3. These acids are useful as synthesis intermediates and as additives for oils and lubricants.

Process for the preparation of beta-disubstituted monocarboxylic acids

Aqueous micro-emulsions of organic substances

This process consists in adding to gas oil from 100 to 5000 ppm of water in the form of a micellar clear and limped solution, which is stable for long times, obtained by the addition of one or more surfactants, associated with one or more auxiliary surface-active agents (co-surfactants). This invention substantially improves the combustion of gas oils.

Process for improving the combustion of gas oils

Oil and water microemulsions having a high salt content and intended for assisted petroleum recovery are prepared from a concentrate containing:

Concentrate for the preparation of oil and water microemulsions having

The method for the inhibition of corrosion of ferrous metals in an aqueous medium consists in adding to the aqueous medium 10 to 2000 ppm of a mixture constituted by a water-soluble complex salt of a metal of groups II to VIII of the periodic table and of a hydroxycarboxylic acid and by a phosphoric ester of alkanolamine.

Method for the inhibition of corrosion of ferrous metals in an aqueous

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Lyons, France

Henri Grangette