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Hercules Corporation

Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh

Klaus Heckmann

Helmut Ringsdorf

Karl-Heinz Etzbach

Karl Siemensmeyer

Peter Schuhmacher

Dietrich Haarer

Werner Prass

Peter Neumann

Wolfgang Paulus

Ude Scheunemann

Hans-Josef Sterzel

Michael Portugall

Willi Kreuder

Donald Lupo

Dirk Funhoff

Lukas Haussling

Werner Interthal

Friedrich Closs

Georg Manecke

Juergen Simmerer

Sundeep Kumar

Klaus Ring

Beate Pfannenmuller

Dieter Adam

Andre Laschewsky

Christian Erdelen

Hans-Werner Schmidt

Peter Sluka

Peter Strohriegl

Matthias Dust

Wolfgang Knoll

Joachim H Wendorff

Guenter Baur

Heino Finkelmann

Lukas Haeussling

Hans W Schmidt

Karl H Etzbach

Thomas Frey

Dierk Beyer

Jurgen Simmerer

Michael Przybylski

Birgit Glusen

Andreas Kettner

Friedrich Windscheid

Rudolf Kiefer

Ude Sheunemann

Use of organic compounds in the plastic columnar discotic liquid-crystal

The use of low molecular-weight or polymeric organic compounds which are present in the columnar-helical phase and have liquid-crystalline properties, as photoconductors or in electronic components, corresponding photoconductive layers, an electrophotographic recording material and a method for enhancing the photoconductivity.

Use of low molecular-weight or polymeric organic compounds which are

A surface coated with amino groups is produced by applying a polymerizable amine to a surface by means of a pulsed plasma. The coated surfaces obtained thereby have a high density of amino groups so that a specific binding phase can be obtained by covalently binding a partner of a specific binding pair to the surfaces coated with amino groups.

Process for producing a surface coated with amino groups

Triphenylene compounds and preparation of discotic liquid crystalline

The present invention relates to photoconductors composed of low molecular weight or polymeric organic compounds with liquid crystal properties, where the photoconduction in the discotic phase is higher than in the non-liquid-crystal phases, and to a method for increasing the photoconductivity by molecular ordering in photoconductors.

Increasing photoconductivity by adjusting the discotic phase

Radiation-sensitive film composed of at least one mono-molecular layer

A film for use in nonlinear optics comprises at least one Langmuir-Blodgett layer, the layer containing or comprising a dye of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes a long-chain alkoxy, acyloxy, alkylamino or acylamino group. In particular when the film contains alternating layers of unsaturated amphiphilic compounds, it produces a stable multilayer having good nonlinear optical properties and is suitable, for example, for electrooptical switches, diode laser frequency amplifiers or optical parametric amplifiers. Besides the dye indicated, the unimolecular layer can additionally contain at least one second amphiphilic compound. In this case, the unimolecular layer comprises amphiphilic compounds.

Film comprising at least one unimolecular layer

Polymers contain, as mesogenic groups, groups which produce a discotic phase, and furthermore can control pleochroic dyes. The novel polymers possess novel properties, and combination of properties, which the conventional polymers which form liquid-crystalline phases do not possess. The polymers can be used in electro-optical displays, in storage elements, as electrically or photo-electrically conductive polymers and as strain sensors.

Polymers which form liquid-crystalline phases

Film comprising at least one unimolecular layer. A film for use in nonlinear optics comprises at least one Langmuir-Blodgett layer, the layer containing or comprising a dye of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes a long-chain alkoxy, acyloxy, alkylamino or acylamino group. In particular when the film contains alternating layers of unsaturated amphiphilic compounds, it produces a stable multilayer having good monlinear optical properties and is suitable, for example, for electrooptical switches, diode laser frequency amplifiers or optical parametric amplifiers. Besides the dye indicated, the unimolecular layer can additionally contain at least one second amphiphilic compound. In this case, the unimolecular layer comprises amphiphilic compounds.

Film comprising unimolecular layers

The film consists of one or more Langmuir-Blodgett layers, the layer containing an organic polymer having long-chain fluoroalkyl side groups or consisting of this compound. The film is distinguished by a multilayer structure having few defects and is, for example, suitable for optical purposes and for surface treatment. The order of the molecules in the multilayer can be improved by annealing and by heating the film through the phase transition and cooling again.

Film consisting of one or more monomolecular layers

The invention relates to a hyperfiltration membrane containing a supporting layer and a separation layer. The membrane is characterized in that the separation layer consists of a crosslinked monomolecular film of molecules, the molecules of the separation layer in the uncrosslinked state being surfactants or surfactant-like lipoids containing at least one hydrophobic chain and at least one hydrophilic group, the hydrophobic chains of these molecules being oriented mainly perpendicularly to the plane of the membrane and parallel to the diffusion direction after crosslinking and the molecules of the separation layer being crosslinked with one another through functional groups in at least one of their hydrophobic chains and/or through functional groups in at least one of their hydrophilic groups. The invention also relates to a process for the production of hyperfiltration membranes in which the surfactant molecules or the surfactant-like lipoid molecules are spread out under a certain spreading pressure or occupying an average space over the surface of an aqueous solution or at the interface between an aqueous solution and a liquid immiscible therewith, the surfactant molecules or the surfactant-like lipoid molecules are crosslinked with one another and the separation layer crosslinked in this way is applied to a supporting membrane.

Process for the production of hyperfiltration membranes

Polymers contain, as mesogenic groups, groups which produce a discotic phase, and furthermore can contain pleochroic dyes. The novel polymers possess novel properties, and combinations of properties, which the conventional polymers which form liquid-crystalline phases do not possess. The polymers can be used in electro-optical displays, in storage elements, as electrically or photo-electrically conductive polymers and as strain sensors.

The invention relates to a hyperfiltration membrane containing a supporting layer and a separation layer. The membrane is characterized in that the separation layer consists of a crosslinked monomolecular film of molecules, the molecules of the separation layer in the uncrosslinked state being surfactants or surfactant-like lipoids containing at least one hydrophobic chain and at least one hydrophilic group, the hydrophobic chains of these molecules being oriented mainly perpendicularly to the plan of the membrane and parallel to the diffusion direction after crosslinking and the molecules of the separation layer being crosslinked with one another through functional groups in at least one of their hydrophobic chains and/or through functional groups in at least one of their hydrophilic groups. The invention also relates to a process for the production of hyperfiltration membranes in which the surfactant molecules or the surfactant-like lipoid molecules are spread out under a certain spreading pressure or occupying an average space over the surface of an aqueous solution or at the interface between an aqueous solution and a liquid immiscible therewith, the surfactant molecules or the surfactant-like lipoid molecules are crosslinked with one another and the separation layer crosslinked in this way is applied to a supporting membrane.

Hyperfiltration membranes having separation layers of monomolecular

An optical recording medium contains, on a base, one or more dyes and a polymer which forms liquid-crystalline phases. The information is written into the uniformly oriented liquid-crystalline polymer layer, for example by means of a laser. During this procedure, the polymer heats up locally to above a phase transition temperature. By cooling, the resulting change is frozen in the glass state. The information can be erased by applying an electric field and/or heating. The recording material permits high-contrast storage and possesses high sensitivity, good resolution and excellent stability.

Optical recording medium

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Mainz, Germany

Helmut Ringsdorf