Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler

Degussa Aktiengesellschaft

Helmut Beschke

Heinz Friedrich

Gerd Schreyer

Heribert Offermanns

Franz-Ludwig Dahm

Axel Kleemann

Gunter Prescher

Klaus-Peter Muller

Gunther Prescher

Wolfgang Weigert

Axel Kleeman

Johannes Heilos

Wilhelm Alfons Schuler

Hans Schaefer

Wolfgang Bergstein

Wilhelm-Alfons Schuler

Bergstein Wolfgang

For the catalytic reaction of 2-methylpyrazine with ammonia and oxygen to form 2-cyanopyrazine there are used compounds of the elements antimony, vanadium, and oxygen and at least one of the elements iron, copper, titanium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel, whereby the atomic ratio of antimony to vanadium is greater than 1 and which contain besides these compounds a lattice layer silicate and a highly dispersed silica. These catalysts are very selective and result in high yields and high space-time-yields.

Catalysts for the production of 2-cyanopyrazine

For the catalytic reaction of 3-methylpyridine with ammonia and oxygen to form 3-cyanopyridine there are used compounds of the elements antimony, vanadium, and oxygen and at least one of the elements iron, copper, titanium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel, whereby the atomic ratio of antimony to vanadium is greater than 1 and which contain besides these compounds a lattice layer silicate and a highly dispersed silica. These catalysts are very selective and result in high yields and high space-time-yields.

Catalysts for the production of 3-cyanopyridine

Crude nicotinamide is purified by a recrystallization and thereby is particularly freed from nicotinic acid and salts of nicotinic acid. As solvent there is used 2-methylpropanol-1 containing water. The warm solution after dissolving the crude nicotinamide is treated with ion exchangers.

Process for the purification of nicotinic acid amide

Crude nicotinamide is purified by a recrystallization and in this way freed especially from nicotinic acid and salts of nicotinic acid. As solvent there is used a 2-methylpropanol-1 containing water. The recrystallization takes place at a pH between about 7 and 10.

Process for the purification of nicotinic acid amide I

2,3-Cycloalkenopyridines of the formula ##STR1## are prepared by reacting a cycloalkanone or cycloalkenone of the formula ##STR2## with an oxo compound of the formula ##STR3## where Z is an aliphatic carbon chain which is unsubstituted or has hydrocarbon substituents and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen or lower alkyl groups and ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating and dehydrogenating catalyst at a temperature of about 250.degree. to 550.degree. C.

Process for the production of 2,3-cycloalkenopyridines

Nicotinamide is prepared from nicotinonitrile by hydrolysis at 120.degree. to 200.degree. C. employing alkali hydroxide.

Process for the production of nicotinamide

Pyridine and 3-methylpyridine prepared by the catalytic reaction of acrolein or a mixture of acetaldehyde and acrolein with ammonia is recovered from the gas mixture formed by cooling the gas mixture and working up the condensate separated in the cooling. The gaseous mixture is first cooled to a temperature between 40.degree. and about 80.degree. C. and then cooled to a temperature between about 10.degree. and below 40.degree. C.

Process for the recovery of pyridine and 3-methylpyridine

Pyridines substituted in the 2-position by an aromatic or heteroaromatic group are prepared by reacting an aliphatic aromatic or aliphatic heteroaromatic ketone with an aliphatic oxo compound having a carbon to carbon ethylenic double bond on the carbon atom adjacent to the oxo group and ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating and dehydrogenating catalyst at a temperature of about 250.degree. to 550.degree. C.

Process for the production of substituted pyridine (A)

Pyridine and 3-methyl pyridine are prepared by reacting acrolein with ammonia in the gas phase on a catalyst in a fluidized bed. The acrolein and ammonia are introduced separately in gaseous form into the reactor.

Process for the production of pyridine and 3-methyl pyridine

Pyridines substituted in the 2- and 6-positions by an aromatic or heteroaromatic group are prepared by reacting an aromatic or heteroaromatic ketone having at least one reactive methylene group adjacent to the keto group with an aliphatic aldehyde and ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating and dehydrogenating catalyst at a temperature of about 250.degree. to 550.degree. C.

Process for the production of substituted pyridine (C)

Pyridines substituted in the 2- and 3-positions by aromatic or heteroaromatic groups are prepared by reacting an aromatic or heteroaromatic substituted ketone which has at least one reactive methylene group adjacent to the keto group with an aliphatic oxo compound having a carbon to carbon ethylenic double bond on the carbon atom adjacent to the oxo group and ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating and dehydrogenating catalyst at a temperature of about 250.degree. to 550.degree. C.

Process for the production of substituted pyridine (B)

3-Methyl pyridine is produced by the catalytic reaction of acrolein and propionaldehyde with ammonia in the gas phase. There is used as the catalyst a highly dispersed aluminum silicate containing 3 to 30 weight percent aluminum oxide, a BET surface area of 200 to 800 m.sup.2 /g, a pore volume of 0.4 to 1.0 cm.sup.3 /g and a pore diameter of 20 to 100.times.10.sup.-8 cm.

Process for the production of 3-methyl pyridine

2-Methyl pyridine and 3-methyl pyridine are produced by the catalytic reaction of acrolein and acetone with ammonia in the gas phase. There is used as the catalyst a highly dispersed aluminum silicate containing 3 to 30 weight percent aluminum oxide, a BET surface area of 200 to 800 m.sup.2 /g, a pore volume of 0.4 to 1.0 cm.sup.3 /g and a pore diameter of 20 to 100 .times. 10.sup.-8 cm.

Process for the production of 2-methyl pyridine and 3-methyl pyridine

Pyridine and 3-methyl pyridine are produced by the catalytic reaction of acrolein and acetaldehyde with ammonia in the gas phase. There is used as the catalyst a highly dispersed aluminum silicate containing 3 to 30 weight percent aluminum oxide, a BET surface area of 200 to 800 m.sup.2 /g, a pore volume of 0.4 to 1.0 cm.sup.3 /g and a pore diameter of 20 to 100.times..times. 10.sup.-8 cm.

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Hanau, Germany

Helmut Beschke