Basf Aktiengesellschaft

Basfaktiengesellschaft

Heinz-Walter Schneider

Rudolf Kummer

Franz-Josef Weiss

Volker Taglieber

Rolf Hartmuth Fischer

Rolf Platz

Uwe Vagt

Franz Merger

Hugo Fuchs

Gerald Neubauer

Wolfgang Richter

Daniel Heineke

Alfred Thome

Wolfgang Harder

Werner Bertleff

Franz J Broecker

Claus-Ulrich Priester

Kurt Schwirten

Hans-Martin Hutmacher

Wolfgang Hoelderich

Matthias Schwarzmann

Karsten Eller

Axel Wilms

Wolfgang Franzischka

Walter Disteldorf

Martin Decker

Peter Magnussen

Christopher William Rieker

Gunther Achhammer

Fritz Naeumann

Paul Panitz

Otto Leman

Christoph Gahn

Dieter Zimmerling

Peter Mark Allen

Robert Schulz

R Udiger Schmitz

Otto Lemann

Robert Wagner

Franz-Josef Weis

Klaus Michelsen

An apparatus and a process for crystallizing substances from solutions or dispersions containing these substances, in a crystallizer containing a classifying zone (), comprise The novel apparatus has the special feature that a line () connecting the outer and inner circulation systems () to one another and intended for transporting (recycling) dispersion and/or a line () for transporting (recycling) dispersion are additionally present, in which both its entrance and its exit are connected to the inner circulation system ().

Process for producing crystals

Method of manufacturing a hydrogenation catalyst

A carbon-containing catalyst support is prepared by treating the carbon-containing catalyst support with a compound of the formula I

Preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst using M(OR).sub.m X.sub.n

A process for the preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst by reduction of platinum in an oxidation stage of not less than 2 in an aqueous medium in the presence of a carboniferous support, optionally following partial poisoning with a sulfur, arsenic, tellurium, or antimony-containing compound, using a reducing agent, in which the reducing agent used is an ammonium or phosphonium salt of the general formula I

Process for the preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst

A hydrogenation catalyst, obtainable by carrying out essentially the following steps:

Hydrogenation catalyst based on a platinum metal partially poisoned with

A process of use of hydrogenation catalyst, obtainable by carrying out essentially the following steps:

Method of use of a hydrogenation catalyst based on a platinum metal

A process for the preparation of hydroxylammonium salts by catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide using hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, comprises (a) in a first step, filtering the reaction mixture obtained after the reaction, giving a solution of essentially hydroxylammonium salt and a filter residue essentially comprising a mixture of hydrogenation catalyst and a solution of essentially hydroxylammonium salt, and (b) in a second step, subjecting the filter residue to a further separation process in order to concentrate the hydrogenation catalyst, giving a mixture having a higher concentration of hydrogenation catalyst than the filter residue and a mixture having a lower concentration of hydrogenation catalyst than the filter residue.

Preparation of hydroxylammonium salts

A hydrogenation catalyst, obtainable by carrying out essentially the following steps: (a) treatment of a platinum metal salt with finely divided sulfur followed by (b) reduction of the platinum metal salt to metallic platinum metal.

5-Methylbutyrolactone is prepared by a process in which a pentenoic ester of the formula I

Preparation of 5-methylbutyrolactone

5-Formylvaleric esters are prepared by a process which comprises the following steps:

Preparation of 5-formylvaleric esters

.delta.-Formylvalerates are prepared by a process wherein a 3-pentenoate is treated with an isomerization catalyst at elevated temperatures and a 4-pentenoate is distilled off, and the resulting 4-pentenoate is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at from 80 to 160.degree. C. under from 1 to 30 bar in the presence of a rhodium carbonyl complex which has been modified with tertiary organic phosphines or phosphites.

Preparation of .delta.-formylvalerates

In an improved process for the preparation of 6-aminocaproates by reacting a 5-formylvalerate with ammonia and hydrogen using an alkanol as a solvent in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure, the improvement comprises carrying out the reaction at from 40.degree. to 95.degree. C.

Preparation of 6-aminocaproates

Cyclic ketones of the formula ##STR1## where n is an integer from 4 to 6, are prepared by converting an aliphatic dicarboxylate of the formula

Preparation of cyclic ketones

Caprolactam is prepared by a process in which

Preparation of .epsilon.-caprolactams

C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl pentenoates are obtained from reaction mixtures which contain this and which are obtained by reacting butadiene, or a butadiene-containing hydrocarbon mixture, with carbon monoxide and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanol, in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst and a tertiary nitrogen base at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure by a process in which

Obtaining C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl pentenoates by distillation

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Ludwigshafen, Germany

Heinz-Walter Schneider