International Business Machines Corporation

Heinrich E Hunziker

Gary C Bjorklund

Donald M Burland

William G Golden

Mattanjah S De Vries

Urs P Wild

Robert Kenyon Nesbet

Christoph R Brauchle

Airborne contaminants within a substantially sealed enclosure are detected and measured, in situ, without interrupting the operation of moving parts within the enclosure. At least one infrared (IR)-transparent attenuated total reflection (ATR) element, such as an optical fiber, optical fiber bundle, or ATR crystal, is disposed in the enclosure to collect or react with contaminants. An IR source is optically coupled to one part of the element, and an IR detector is optically coupled to another part of the element. The source and detector, in combination, respond to changes in intensity at the wavelengths of the IR radiation transmitted by the element to identify the contaminants and quantities thereof that settle on the element or compounds that have formed thereon. The source may be a continuous source (such as a black body) and the detector an IR spectrometer. Or, the source may be a diode laser and the detector an IR radiation detector. The sealed enclosure may be the housing of a head-disk assembly of a disk file. Atlernatively, the apparatus may include an IR-transparent ATR element disposed within the housing and an IR spectrometer optically coupled to a radiation output surface of the element for sensing emission emerging from the element. One end of the element may be reflection coated to increase the radiation output.

Surface contamination detection using infrared-transparent fibers or

A gated self-developing, non-bleachable holographic material is disclosed which is useful in the infrared region. The holographic material comprises a polymeric matrix with an .alpha.-diketone compound uniformly dispersed therein.

Holographic recording media for infrared light

A device and method for obtaining high resolution of electron energy in an electron beam is described. The device has a resonance chamber containing a gas which exhibits a narrow scattering resonance at a specific electron energy value. The device utilizes the narrow resonance property of the gas to filter the electron energy spectrum at that energy value. A preferred embodiment is a spectrometer having an electron accelerator, an electromagnetic filter, a resonance chamber containing helium, and a trapped electron detector device. The electrons in the beam are accelerated and the beam is passed through an electromagnetic filter centered at approximately 20.614 eV. The filtered beam passes into a resonance chamber where the electrons have inelastic collisions with the helium atoms to produce the He2.sup.1 S excited state. The He2.sup.1 S scattering resonance has a narrow width of less than 0.001 eV at its energy threshold of 20.614 eV and serves as a filter. Due to the steepness of the initial rise of the resonance structure the resolution of the spectrometer is about 0.0001 eV. The trapped electron device then detects the flux density of the scattered electrons.

High resolution electron energy device and method

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Saratoga, CA, United States of America

Heinrich E Hunziker