University of California

Hashem Akbari

Paul H Berdahl

Hugo Destaillats

Thomas Kirchstetter

Mohamad Sleiman

Ronnen Levinson

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to simulated soiling and weathering of materials. In one aspect, a soiling mixture may include an aqueous suspension of various amounts of salt, soot, dust, and humic acid. In another aspect, a method may include weathering a sample of material in a first exposure of the sample to ultraviolet light, water vapor, and elevated temperatures, depositing a soiling mixture on the sample, and weathering the sample in a second exposure of the sample to ultraviolet light, water vapor, and elevated temperatures.

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Lafayette, CA, United States of America

Hashem Akbari