US Government as Represented by the Secretary of the Army

Harold Jacobs

Samuel Dixon

Metro M Chrepta

Robert E Horn

Edmund E Malecki

Elmer Freibergs

A dual Gunn self-oscillating mixer is shown which can mix signals in the range substantially without introducing any noise and with high input signal power handling capacity and with higher output mixed signal power than conventional, owing to boosted power from more than one microwave cavity. The device is comprised of two cavities and connected by a 180.degree. phase shift coax line for injection locking, or a cavity wall hole in yet another embodiment. The device handles larger power levels without burning out as compared to conventional type mixer devices such as Schottky barrier diodes having nearly 30 times the burnout susceptibility.

Dual Gunn diode self-oscillating mixer

A triple Gunn diode self-oscillating mixer system is shown which can mix nals in the VHF range substantially without introducing any noise and with high input signal power handling capacity and with higher output mixed signal power than conventional, owing to boosted power from more than one microwave cavity. The device is comprised of three self-oscillating Gunn diode cavities connected by 180.degree. phase shift coax lines for injection locking. The device handles larger power levels without burnout as compared to conventional mixer devices such as Schottky barrier diodes having nearly 30 times less burnout capacity.

Three diode balanced mixer

A radiation measurement means is shown which has the capability of detect radiation in both the millimeter wave, and the infrared, frequency regions. A basic self-oscillating Gunn diode is enclosed in a donut shaped silicon ring. The presence of infrared energy will create holes and electrons in the silicon material, altering its conductivity, and lower the power of oscillation. The realized drop in oscillating power identifies the infrared. Millimeter wave radiation is detected because an intermediate frequency is generated as the Gunn diode operates as a self-oscillating mixer of the new different frequency with its own oscillating frequency. Thus it is possible to detect signals from both ranges, in a single device.

Single device for measurement of infrared or millimeter wave radiation

A low cost arrangement for a millimeter wave solid state diode oscillator, hich obviates precise machining and uses a dielectric transmission line associated with a resonant cavity. Coupling and impedance matching are greatly facilitated by a conductive stripe structure on the end of the dielectric transmission line, extending into the resonant cavity of the solid state oscillator. Fine tuning is provided by a mechanical slide screw. Two layers of shielding surrounding the resonant cavity are provided by a convenient package suitable for various applications of the millimeter wave oscillator wherein leakage radiation is not permitted.

Millimeter wave oscillator with enhanced dielectric coupler

A millimeter wave line scanner is disclosed providing steered fan-shaped ms from opposite faces at substantially equal angles of a semiconductor waveguide, rectangular in cross section, and having a plurality of equally spaced metallic perturbations or strips disposed on one of the two radiating sides or faces. Different angles of scan are selectively obtained by means of at least one distributed longitudinal PIN diode formed on an adjoining side of the semiconductor waveguide having electrical circuit means coupled thereto for controlling the diode's conductivity which acts to change the guide wavelength and accordingly cause a variation in radiation angle of the two equal beams radiating from opposite faces. The waveguide with one or more PIN diodes may also be used as a phase shifter. To reduce losses, a dielectric insulating layer is disposed between each PIN diode and the waveguide, which prevents the propagation of the wave into the PIN diode.

Phase shifter and line scanner for phased array applications

A dielectric waveguide power limiter for a self-oscillating mixer operating n millimeter-wave frequencies. The limiter includes a high resistivity silicon dielectric waveguide and a Gunn oscillator. A plurality of dielectric resonators each including a high uniaxial anisotropy ferrite sphere embedded therein are positioned between the power input end of the waveguide and the Gunn oscillator.

Dielectric waveguide power limiter

A millimeter wave line scanner is disclosed providing steered fan-shaped ms from opposite faces at substantially equal angles of a semiconductor waveguide, rectangular in cross section, and having a plurality of equally spaced metallic perturbations or strips disposed on one of the two radiating sides or faces. Different angles of scan are selectively obtained by means of at least one distributed longitudinal PIN diode formed on an adjoining side of the semiconductor waveguide having electrical circuit means coupled thereto for controlling the diode's conductivity which acts to change the guide wavelength and accordingly cause a variation in radiation angle of the two equal beams radiating in opposite directions and by means coupling energy of changing frequency to the semiconductor waveguide.

Dual beam line scanner for phased array applications

A method of fabricating semiconductor devices having a long lifetime for the minority charge carriers by applying a voltage across one electrode composed of a piece of intrinsic semiconductor material and another electrode composed of an alloy including an impurity. The two electrodes are moved into proximity to cause an arc to be drawn therebetween which etches out a region of the semiconductor and in turn vaporizes the alloy which is deposited and implanted in the etched region to form a junction device. In one form of device produced in accordance with the process a series of regions alternately of opposite conductivity (P and N) type are formed on the semiconductor in spaced relationship and the device is positioned in electrical contact with the surface of a semiconductor dielectric waveguide. The P and N regions of the device are electrically biased to cause a controllable excess minority carrier density making the device highly conductive and capable of changing the wavelength of a signal transmitted through the waveguide to effect a desired phase shift.

Method of producing semiconductor devices with minority charge carriers

A single element line scanner applicable to millimeter or submillimeter w beam steering which includes a semiconductor waveguide made of a high resistivity bulk single crystal intrinsic semiconductor material such as silicon. Parallel spaced radiator elements are disposed on one major or top surface of the semiconductor waveguide transverse to the direction of wave propagation along the waveguide. Parallel spaced PIN diodes are disposed on the other or bottom major surface of the semiconductor waveguide transverse to the direction of wave propagation. The PIN diodes are spaced close enough to prevent radiation from escaping outwardly from the bottom major surface and are provided with a variable forward bias to produce a conductivity sheet. The conductivity sheet on the bottom major surface is electronically modulated as a function of the bias current for a given frequency and the variation of such a conductivity sheet changes the wavelengths in the semiconductor waveguide. The changing wavelengths provide variable wavelength spacing between the spaced radiator elements. Each variation of wavelength corresponds to a discrete angle of radiation reinforcement from the radiator elements such that there is provided a single radiation lobe pattern which may be scanned through 180 degrees.

Semiconductor waveguide antenna with diode control for scanning

A quasi-optical integrated circuit which makes use of a high resistivity k single crystal intrinsic semiconductor as a low loss quasi-optical wave transmission medium for millimeter and submillimeter waves having one or more circuit elements or devices disposed either at or near the surface of a portion of the semiconductor, or formed within a portion of either the semiconductor transmission medium or a portion of a high resistivity single crystal intrinsic semiconductor appendage to said semiconductor transmission medium. By varying the potential applied to said elements or devices, one can control either the phase or the amplitude of quasi-optical wave propagation along the semiconductor waveguide; moreover, solid state devices such as quasi-optical generators, mixers and detectors can be formed within the semiconductor wave transmission medium itself. Quasi-optical generators also can be obtained by inserting a negative resistance device in an aperture disposed within a cavity resonator which is made of a material of high dielectric constant and high resistivity.

Growing community of inventors

West Long Branch, NJ, United States of America

Harold Jacobs