Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

Micronas Gmbh

Siemens Automotive Corporation

Siemens Aktiengesell Schaft

Siemens Schweiz Ag

Hans Meixner

Maximilian Fleischer

Andreas Kappel

Randolf Mock

Elfriede Simon

Bernhard Gottlieb

Uwe Lampe

Bernhard Fischer

Peter Kleinschmidt

Roland Pohle

Georg Bachmaier

Ralf Schneider

Gerhard Mader

Tim Schwebel

Reinhard Freitag

Hans Siwon

Felix Pettke

Valentin Magori

Rainer Strzoda

Josef Gerblinger

Ulrich Armonier

Klaus Abraham-Fuchs

Dieter Stein

Eric Chemisky

Erhard Magori

Jingming Jim Shen

Enrico Ulivieri

Eva Rumpel

Bernhard Ostrick

Christoph Josef Brabec

Joachim Frank

Bertrand Lemire

Susanne Kornely

Hans Schreiber

Christian Tump

Hans Winter

Hermann Leiderer

Philippe Mangon

Dieter Hahn

Maximillian Fleischer

Andreas Schebler

Corinna Haindl

Gilles Chabanis

Sven Jonda

Birgitta Hacker

Michael Seth

Wolfgang Hanrieder

Dietmar Hohm

Christian Dahlheim

Norbert Reitmeier

Edward-James Hayes

Martin Zimmer

Oliver Henning

Dieter Johnke

A FET gas sensor having a relatively low operating temperature, for example, room temperature, is free from cross sensitivities from interfering gases by a preceding in-line filter. The sensor's service life is substantially stabilizable by using fabric-like activated charcoal filters which can be regenerated by a moderate temperature increase, and by limiting the diffusion of the analyte gas, which is made possible by the relatively small amount of gas detectable on the sensitive layer of the sensor. This substantially increases the service life of the filters. The gas sensor eliminates cross sensitivities to thereby increase the detection reliability thereof. Also, the gas sensor has relative long term stability and is economical to build. The gas sensor can read relatively weak signals generated by gas-sensitive layers, for example, without other stronger gas signals interfering with the weak signals.

Apparatus and method for increasing the selectivity of FET-based gas sensors

A gas sensor based on a field effect transistor ('FET') evaluates both a change in work function of a gas-sensitive layer of the FET and a change in the capacitance of the layer. Thus, two physically independent signals are read from the gas-sensitive layer, each signal representing a sensitivity to a different gas. This reduces the effect of cross-sensitivities; that is, of one gas on the target gas. The underlying physical mechanisms, the first causing a change in the work function in a reaction with gases and the second causing a change in the capacitance of the sensitive layer, are widely different. Because of this, the two parameters demonstrate different gas sensitivities. If the reactions to both gases are known, the effect of the interfering gas on the sensor signal can be compensated for, and with this the concentration of the target gas can be determined.

Method for measuring gases and/or minimizing cross sensitivity in FET-based gas sensors

An injection valve for injecting fuel comprises a valve housing () inside of which a drive unit () controls the movement of a valve needle () that is pretensioned by a spring (). The injection valve also comprises a main chamber (), which is provided inside the valve housing, is filled with fuel and accommodates the valve needle (), and comprises a hydraulic bearing for the drive unit (). The hydraulic bearing has a hydraulic chamber () that is connected to the main chamber (), whereby fuel serves as the operating substance of the hydraulic bearing.

Injection valve

A biosensor for detecting an antigen using an antigen/antibody coupling includes: a silicon substrate, at least one interdigital electrode pair structure that is located on the silicon substrate, the electrode pair being interspaced at a maximum distance of 1.0 &#x3bc;m; a counter-electrode on the silicon substrate; a reference electrode; a first layer of protein, covering at least the interdigital electrode structure; a selective second protein layer applied to the first layer and containing a capture antibody selected specifically with respect to the antigen of interest and to which the antigen can be coupled. A sensor signal can be read on the interdigital electrode structure, if the antigen is coupled to the capture antibody by way of a sample to be analyzed that comes into contact with the biosensor and a redox reactive molecule is enzymatically released on the sensor surface by an enzyme-marked detection antibody likewise coupled to the antigen.

Biosensor and method for operating the latter

A gas sensitive field effect transistor comprises a semiconductor substrate that includes a capacitance well, and source and drain regions of a field effect transistor. A gate of the field effect transistor is separated from the semiconductor substrate by an insulator, and a gas sensitive layer separated from the gate by an air gap. The field effect transistor provides an output signal indicative of the presence of a target gas within the air gap to an amplifier, which provides an amplified output signal that is electrically coupled to the capacitance well.

Gas sensitive field-effect-transistor

An operating method is disclosed for the selective detection of a target gas in a gas mixture to be measured by a field effect transistor with a gas-sensitive layer disposed on a carrier substrate, wherein the gas mixture to be measured is prepared by an electrochemical element such that the measured gas mixture includes minimal amounts of interfering gases that interfere with the measurement of the target gas, and/or at least one target gas is activated such that it is detected by the gas-sensitive layer.

FET-based gas sensor

A volumetric flow of an analyte, including exhaled air, is fed to a gas sensor unit by used of gas flow device, which can include various sensors for the determination of nitrogen oxides. An oxidation catalyst is used when using an NOsensor, which converts nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide and the gas sensor unit measures the content of nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen monoxide content is calculated from the nitrogen dioxide content. In order to eliminate cross-sensitivity moisture and ethanol are also measured. The device can be applied to the determination of nitrogen monoxide content of exhaled air.

Device and method for the quantitative determination of nitrogen oxides in exhaled air and application thereof

The invention relates to an injection valve which has a piezo actuator that is functionally connected to a nozzle needle by a hydraulic transmission device. The hydraulic transmission device is connected to a pressure reservoir by a sealing gap so that the pressure differences between the pressure reservoir and a hydraulic chamber of the hydraulic transmission device are compensated in the long term.

Metering valve with a hydraulic transmission element

An alcohol sensor having gas-sensitive layers made of polymers or inorganic oxides wherein a signal is read out by means of work function change which is produced in the form of a field-effect transistor.

Alcohol sensor using the work function measurement principle

A gas-sensitive field-effect transistor may be formed from a substrate with a gas-sensitive layer and a transistor processed separately and then assembled. The substrate may be patterned to form spacers by which the height of an air gap between the transistor and the sensitive layer may be adjustable to a relatively precise degree. Formation of the spacers can be achieved by patterning the substrate using material-removal techniques. The height of the spacers may be adjusted in the layer thickness of the gas-sensitive layer and for the transistor fabricated using a CMOS process. Suitable techniques for producing recesses between the spacers include, for example, polishing, cutting, sandblasting, lithographic dry etching, or wet-chemical etching. Suitable materials for the substrate may include, for example, glass, ceramic, aluminum oxide, silicon, or a dimensionally stable polymer. Following preparation of the substrate and the transistor, the two elements of the transistor are joined, for example, using flip-chip methods or adhesive-bonding technology.

Gas-sensitive field-effect transistor with air gap

The invention relates to a device for monitoring the oxygen concentration in an aircraft tank. The device includes an absorption measuring section equipped with a laser or laser diode (), a photodiode (), a temperature sensor () and a reflector () for carrying out laser spectroscopy on a gas volume to be measured inside the tank. The conducting components of the device are positioned outside the tank and its reflector () is positioned in the tank in the gas volume to be measured, the components and reflector being optically coupled by a window () that is situated in the tank wall (). The absorption measuring section is mainly located in the chamber containing the gas to be measured.

Device and method for monitoring the oxygen concentration in an aircraft tank

The invention relates to an intelligent color system that recognizes the ambient color and adapts its color accordingly according to the chameleon effect. The inventive system is obtained by combining an electrochromic color system with a semi-transparent array of photodetectors, for example combinations of individual pixels that are sensitive for the different colors (red, green blue), said array being superimposed on the electrochromic color system.

Electrochromic color system

The jacket surface of the piezoelectric actor body () is surrounded by an injector housing (), maintaining an intermediate space and is cooled by direct contact with an inert fluid which does not conduct electricity (), forming a fluid space in the injector housing () which is filled with fluid except for an air reservoir (). The volume of the air reservoir () is at least large enough to allow the thermal expansion of the heat coupling fluid () which occurs at the highest operating temperature of the actor body ().

Injector, especially fuel injection valve, with a piezoelectric actor

A power output stage for capacitive loads includes:

Power output stage for capacitive loads

An ozone sensor has an ozone-sensitive layer containing an ozone-sensitive material which is encapsulated in a polymer or in a polymer mixture or is coated by at least one polymer or polymer mixture. Advantages result from a longer service life of the ozone-sensitive materials which, because of their high hygroscopic properties, would not be stable without encapsulation or coating. Furthermore, a polymer matrix can be selectively used as a filter or in order to eliminate interfering influences.

Ozone sensor operating according to the work function measurement principle

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Haar, Germany

Hans Meixner