Other

Stevens Institute of Technology

Halit S Gokturk

Dilhan M Kalyon

Sudhir B Railkar

Burning of hydrocarbon fuels in a combustion engine creates pollutants that include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and various hydrocarbons. Catalytic converter which is designed to reduce such pollutants relies on precious metal catalysts like platinum. There is an ongoing need to find more effective methods of pollution control as well as cheaper alternatives to precious metals. The solution proposed in this disclosure takes advantage of electrical characteristics of exhaust gases. Some of the pollutants in the exhaust gas exhibit positive electron affinity. Such pollutants are converted to negative ions by providing extra electrons. Many of the pollutants have charge distributions which facilitate electrical interactions with the ions. They are attracted to the ions to form clusters. Pollutant clusters formed as such are separated from the rest of the exhaust gas by electric and/or magnetic forces.

Reduction of pollutants from a combustion engine

Energy consumption of the society is increasing due to expanding economic activity and increasing population. As greater consumption of energy generates more air pollution, there is an ongoing need to find better methods of reducing pollutants in terms of effectiveness and reduced energy consumption. The solution proposed in this disclosure takes advantage of electrical characteristics such as electron affinity and dipole moment. There are many pollutants which exhibit positive electron affinity. Such a pollutant can be easily converted to a negative ion by providing an extra electron. Many of the pollutants have dipolar charge distributions which facilitate electrical interactions with charges. If one of the pollutants becomes charged, it can attract other pollutants which are dipoles to form clusters of pollutants. Furthermore, charged clusters are responsive to electric and magnetic fields. For example, they can be separated from the rest of the flue gas by manipulating with such fields.

Reduction of air pollution by utilizing electron affinity of pollutants

The method of power transmission and distribution aims to mitigate the magnetic fields generated at a right of way and at distances which extend beyond the right of way. The transmission and distribution lines use various line parameters including the relative locations of the conductors around the axis of symmetry of the right of way, the current magnitudes and the phase angles of the currents flowing in the conductors in optimum asymmetric fashion. The use of magnetic field mitigation bodies placed adjacent to the current bearing conductors increases the scope and the effectiveness of the mitigation. A mitigation technique is also provided for mitigating the magnetic field generated by current bearing sources used in power distribution, with unknown or difficult to characterize current distributions, such as transformers.

Electric power transmission system and method of asymmetric transmission

A method and apparatus for mitigation of magnetic fields from magnetic field sources operating at low frequencies, typically less than 100 KHZ, are provided. The method is based on placing magnetic bodies of proper shape, size and physical properties close to the source of the magnetic field to cancel or reduce the magnetic field at desired sites, located away from the source. The method is applicable to mitigating all sources of magnetic fields including those generated by electric power lines, transformers, various tools, electronic devices and appliances. The apparatus, an application of the method to electric power transmission lines, consists of body of magnetic material disposed adjacent to at least one conductor of a multi-line electric power transmission system. The body is disposed between the conductors and a right-of-way located along the power transmission lines in order to lie within the magnetic field generated by the power transmission line and to thereby reduce the magnitude of the magnetic filed at and beyond the right-of-way. In one example studied in conjunction with an electric power transmission line in the X-configuration, a reduction of 84% was achieved at the edge of the right-of-way with an arc-shaped magnetic body disposed adjacent to one of the lowermost conductors.

Method and apparatus for mitigation of magnetic fields from low

An improved rheometer of the present invention includes an adjustable gap through which a flowing system is forced. The inner cavity dimension of the gap is variable so as to give a user of the rheometer an ability to vary the separation gap and the length over diameter ratio. This, in turn, allows the user to determine the shear rate and shear stress along the wall of the cavity for varying deformation rates. Thus, the shear viscosity of the flowing system can be characterized for non-Newtonian systems without varying the volumetric flow rate. One of the preferred embodiments of the adjustable gap rheometer is a slit rheometer in which the flowing system is forced through a slit having generally more length than width and more width than gap. The slit rheometer is made adjustable by holding the body of the rheometer stationary while moving an adjustable wall which forms one of the sides of the slit. Another preferred embodiment of the adjustable gap rheometer includes two concentric portions comprising a mandrel portion and a bushing portion. Axial movement of one of the portions relative to the other varies the separation between the components.

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Hoboken, NJ, United States of America

Halit S Gokturk