Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company

Haiping He

Hyun-Woo Jin

Robert E Sandstrom

Andrew J Wasson

Tin Woo Yung

Neerav Verma

Tin-Woo Yung

Mooring chains used in offshore environments are typically formed from carbon steels due to their wear and fatigue resistance properties. Although carbon steels may exhibit robust mechanical properties, they are susceptible to corrosion, which can shorten the usable working lifetime of mooring chains, particularly in a seawater environment. Austenitic steels comprising high percentages of manganese may have comparable mechanical properties to the carbon steels commonly used in mooring chains, yet exhibit less susceptibility to corrosion. Austenitic steels suitable for use in mooring chains and other structures in contact with or exposed to a seawater environment may comprise: 0.4-0.8 wt. % C, 12-25 wt. % Mn, 4-15 wt. % Cr, a non-zero amount of Si&#x3c;3 wt. %, a non-zero amount of Al&#x3c;0.5 wt. %, a non-zero amount of N&#x3c;0.1 wt. %, &#x3c;5 wt. % Mo, and balance Fe and inevitable impurities.

Mooring chains comprising high manganese steels and associated methods

The present invention discloses apparatuses, systems, and methods for controlling liquid impact pressure in liquid impact systems. The liquid impact systems include at least one gas and a liquid, the gas having a density (PG) and a polytropic index (&#x3ba;) and the liquid having a density (PL). The methods include the step of calculating a liquid impact load of the liquid on the object by determining a parameter &#x3a8; for the system, wherein &#x3a8; is defined as (PG/PL) (&#x3ba;&#x2212;1)/&#x3ba;. The systems are also configured to utilize the parameter &#x3a8;. The parameter &#x3a8; may be adjusted to increase or reduce the liquid impact load on the system. Automatic, computer-implemented systems and methods may be used or implemented. These methods and systems may be useful in applications such as LNG shipping and loading/off-loading, fuel tank operation, manufacturing processes, vehicles dynamics, and combustion processes, among others.

Liquid impact pressure control methods and systems

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Tomball, TX, United States of America

Haiping He