Quantum Valley Ideas Laboratories

Hadi Amarloo

James P Shaffer

Jaime Ramirez-Serrano

Jennifer Ann Joe Erskine

Rajesh Pandiyan

Somayeh M A Mirzaee

Kent Arnold Nickerson

Mohammad Noaman

Su-Peng Yu

Mark Pecen

Donald Booth

Harald Kübler

Sanyasi Bobbara

Somayeh MAMirzaee

Chang Liu

Geoffrey Gordon Gillett

James Keaveney

In a general aspect, a radio frequency (RF) measurement device includes first and second mode converters, each configured to convert a mode of the RF electromagnetic wave between a first RF waveguide mode and a second RF waveguide mode. The RF measurement device also includes an internal cavity between the first and second mode converters that contains a vapor or a source of the vapor. The vapor includes Ryberg atoms or molecules. The RF measurement device additionally includes an RF waveguide extending between the first and second mode converters and configured to carry the second RF waveguide mode through the internal cavity. In some variations, the RF waveguide includes first and second longitudinal portions disposed on respective, opposite sides of the device and configured to establish a target RF profile in an interaction region of the internal cavity.

Measuring radio frequency electromagnetic waves using Rydberg electrometry

In a general aspect, a system for measuring radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves includes a laser system configured to generate plurality of input optical signals. The system also includes an RF measurement device having first and second mode converters and an internal cavity therebetween. The internal cavity contains a vapor that is configured to produce an output optical signal based on the plurality of input optical signals. The RF measurement device also includes an RF waveguide that extends between the first and second mode converters and is configured to carry the second RF waveguide mode through the internal cavity. The system also includes an optical detector system configured to generate a detector signal in response to receiving the output optical signal. The system additionally includes a signal processing system configured to generate data in response to receiving the detector signal.

Measuring radio frequency electromagnetic waves with an in-line measurement device

In a general aspect, a radio frequency (RF) measurement device includes first and second mode converters, each configured to convert a mode of the RF electromagnetic wave between a first RF waveguide mode and a second RF waveguide mode. The RF measurement device also includes an internal cavity between the first and second mode converters that contains a vapor or a source of the vapor. The vapor includes Ryberg atoms or molecules. The RF measurement device additionally includes an RF waveguide extending between the first and second mode converters and configured to establish a circular polarization of the RF electromagnetic wave in the internal cavity.

Measuring radio frequency electromagnetic waves using circular polarization

In a general aspect, a vapor cell includes a body defined by a stack of layers that includes electrically conductive layers and electrically insulating layers. The stack of layers are bonded to each other and have first and second end layers at respective opposite ends of the body. The stack of layers also has intermediate layers between the first and second end layers that define an internal cavity of the body. The internal cavity extends through the body between the first and second end layers and includes a vapor or a source of the vapor disposed therein. Adjacent electrically conductive layers are separated by at least one electrically insulating layer. Moreover, each electrically conductive layer defines an electrode of the vapor cell and includes a contact surface on an exterior side of the body. The contact surface defines an electrical contact of the electrode.

Controlling electric fields in vapor cells having a body defined by a stack of layers

In a general aspect, a method includes interacting a beam of light with a vapor in a vapor cell. The vapor cell includes a body defined by a stack of layers that includes electrically conductive layers and electrically insulating layers. The stack of layers are bonded to each other and have first and second end layers at respective opposite ends of the body. The stack of layers also has intermediate layers between the first and second end layers that define an internal cavity of the body. A vapor is disposed in the internal cavity. The method includes applying respective voltages to one or more electrodes to alter an electric field in the internal cavity. The method also includes measuring one or both of an ion signal based on charged particles in the vapor and an optical property of the beam of light after interacting with the vapor.

Controlling electric fields in vapor cells

In a general aspect, a communication system comprises a first station and a second station. The first station includes a photonic crystal maser, a laser subsystem, and a tracking subsystem. A photonic crystal structure of the photonic crystal maser is formed of dielectric material and has an array of cavities and an elongated slot. The elongated slot is disposed in a defect region of the array of cavities. The photonic crystal maser also includes a vapor disposed in the elongated slot and operable to emit a target RF electromagnetic radiation in response to receiving an optical signal. The array of cavities and the elongated slot define a waveguide configured to form the target RF electromagnetic radiation, when emitted, into a beam. The second station includes a receiver configured to couple to the beam of target RF electromagnetic radiation.

Communicating information using photonic crystal masers

In a general aspect, a photonic crystal maser includes a dielectric body having an array of cavities ordered periodically to define a photonic crystal structure in the dielectric body. The dielectric body also includes a region in the array of cavities defining a defect in the photonic crystal structure. An elongated slot through the region extends from a slot opening in a surface of the dielectric body at least partially through the dielectric body. The elongated slot and the array of cavities define a waveguide of the dielectric body. The dielectric body additionally includes an input coupler aligned with an end of the elongated slot and configured to couple a reference radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation to the waveguide. The photonic crystal maser also includes a vapor or source of the vapor in the elongated slot and an optical window covering the elongated slot.

Generating electromagnetic radiation from a photonic crystal maser

In a general aspect, a communication system comprises a first station and a second station. Each station includes a transceiver and a control subsystem. The transceiver includes having one or more photonic crystal masers and one or more photonic crystal receivers. The control subsystem includes one or more lasers optically coupled to the one or more photonic crystal masers and the one or more photonic crystal receivers. The control subsystem also includes modulation electronics in communication with the one or more lasers and configured to control one or more properties of a first input optical signal received by each photonic crystal maser. The control subsystem additionally includes demodulation electronics in communication with the one or more lasers and configured to control one or more properties of a second input optical signal received by each photonic crystal receiver.

Communicating information using photonic crystal transceivers

In a general aspect, a vapor cell includes a body defined by a stack of layers bonded to each other. The stack of layers includes a first end layer disposed at a first end of the body and a second end layer disposed at a second, opposite end of the body. Intermediate layers extend between the first and second end layers and define an internal cavity extending through the body between the first end layer and the second end layer. The stack of layers also includes first and second sets of tabs. The first set of tabs extends outward from the intermediate layers on a first exterior side of the body, and the second set of tabs extends outward from the intermediate layers on a second exterior side of the body. The vapor cell also includes a vapor or a source of the vapor disposed in the internal cavity.

Method of manufacturing a vapor cell

In a general aspect, a vapor cell is presented that includes a dielectric body. The dielectric body has a surface that defines an opening to a cavity in the dielectric body. The vapor cell also includes a vapor or a source of the vapor in the cavity of the dielectric body. An optical window covers the opening of the cavity and has a surface bonded to the surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around the opening. The seal includes metal-oxygen bonds formed by reacting a first plurality of hydroxyl ligands on the surface of the dielectric body with a second plurality of hydroxyl ligands on the surface of the optical window.

Vapor cells having one or more optical windows bonded to a dielectric body

Interlockable vapor cells

In a general aspect, a vapor cell includes a body defined by a stack of layers bonded to each other. The stack of layers includes a first end layer disposed at a first end of the body and a second end layer disposed at a second, opposite end of the body. Intermediate layers extend between the first and second end layers and define an internal cavity extending through the body between the first end layer and the second end layer. Each intermediate layer includes a through-hole that defines a portion of the internal cavity through the intermediate layer. The vapor cell also includes a vapor or a source of the vapor disposed in the internal cavity.

Vapor cells having stacks of layers defining target three-dimensional volumes for internal cavities

In a general aspect, a system for generating radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation includes a maser having a photonic crystal structure and a vapor. The photonic crystal structure is formed of dielectric material and includes an array of cavities having a defect region disposed therein and an elongated slot disposed in the defect region. The array of cavities and the elongated slot define a waveguide having a waveguide mode. The vapor is disposed in the elongated slot and includes one or more input electronic transitions and an output electronic transition coupled to the one or more input electronic transitions. The output electronic transition is operable to emit a target RF electromagnetic radiation and is resonant with the waveguide mode. The system also includes a laser system configured to provide input optical signals to the elongated slot and signal processing electronics in communication with the laser system.

Generating radio frequency electromagnetic radiation

In a general aspect, a photonic crystal maser includes a dielectric body having an array of cavities ordered periodically to define a photonic crystal structure in the dielectric body. The dielectric body also includes a region in the array of cavities defining a defect in the photonic crystal structure. An elongated slot through the region extends from a slot opening in a surface of the dielectric body at least partially through the dielectric body. The array of cavities and the elongated slot define a waveguide having a waveguide mode. The photonic crystal maser also includes a vapor or source of the vapor in the elongated slot and a laser configured to generate an optical signal capable of exciting one or more input electronic transitions of the vapor.

Photonic crystal masers

In a general aspect, a vapor cell includes a body defined by a stack of layers bonded to each other. The stack of layers defines an array of cavities that includes first and second subsets of cavities. The first subset of cavities extends through intermediate layers of the stack of layers and the second subset of cavities extends entirely through the stack of layers. The vapor cell includes a vapor or a source of the vapor disposed in each of the first subset of cavities. The stack of layers includes a first end layer disposed at a first end of the body and a second end layer disposed at a second, opposite end of the body. The intermediate layers are positioned between the first and second end layers.

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Hadi Amarloo