E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Dupont Electronics, Inc.

Diageo Great Britain Limited

H David Rosenfeld

Allen Capron Sievert

Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao

Shekhar Subramoney

Munirpallam Appadorai Subramanian

Mario Joseph Nappa

Michael Stephen Wolfe

David Richard Corbin

Lynda Kaye Johnson

Joachim C Ritter

Louise Slade

Harry Levine

Sourav Kumar Sengupta

Alan Martin Allgeier

Wathudura Indika Namal De Silva

Carl Andrew Menning

Ekaterini Korovessi

William George Kampert

Daniela Rodica Radu

Scott Winston

Torren Ryan Carlson

Dennis Brooks

Fred E Nagle

Michael Jonathan Doby

Ping Tzeng

Ivan Chen

Sekhar Subramoney

Robin Kobren

A polymer thick film carbon black composition comprising 6-13 wt % conductive carbon black powder; and 87-94 wt % organic medium comprising thermoplastic polyurethane resin dissolved in an organic solvent may be used to form the resistive element of heaters in applications where significant stretching is required, particularly on substrates that can be highly elongated and, in particular, that can be used in wearable garment applications.

Stretchable polymer thick film carbon black composition for wearable heaters

This invention is directed to substrates and articles utilizing these substrates that provide improved performance of printable electronics on polymer substrates. In particular, the improved substrates relate to polymer films and electrical conductors printed on them. Application of a thin polymeric coating to the polymer film provides the improved performance of the printed conductors.

Articles and substrates providing improved performance of printable electronics

Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an &#x3b1;,&#x3c9;-C-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Coxygenate. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising Pt, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, Ru, or Fe on a WOor WOsupport. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal M1 and a metal M2 or an oxide of M2, and optionally a support. In one embodiment, M1 is Pd, Pt, or Ir; and M2 is Mo, W, V, Mn, Re, Zr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ge, Sn, Ti, Au, or Co. The Coxygenate may be obtained from a biorenewable resource.

Production of alpha, omega-diols

A stigmasterol-rich phytosterol composition is prepared wherein the composition comprises at least 50% stigmasterol, based on the total weight of phytosterols, no more than 1000 ppm water, no more than 50 ppm ethanol, and wherein stigmasterol is at least 98% in the anhydrous form. A ready-to-freeze beverage is provided comprising the stigmasterol-rich composition and water, with optional additives. A frozen beverage is prepared from the ready-to-freeze beverage as a pourable slush. There are further provided processes to prepare the ready-to-freeze beverage and the frozen slush beverage.

Stigmasterol-rich phytosterol composition and use

This invention relates to processes for making kesterite compositions with atypical Cu:Zn:Sn:S ratios and/or kesterite compositions with unusually small coherent domain sizes. This invention also relates to these kesterite compositions and their use in preparing CZTS films.

Atypical kesterite compositions

A process is disclosed for the manufacture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, hexafluoropropene and/or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. The process involves (a) reacting HF, Cl, and at least one halopropene of the formula CXCCl&#x2550;CClX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product comprising CFCClCFand CFCClFCClF; (b) reacting CFCClCFand CFCClFCClFproduced in (a) with hydrogen, optionally in the presence of HF, to produce a product comprising CFCHCFand at least one of CHFCHFCF, CFCF&#x2550;CFand CFCFHCF; and (c) recovering from the product produced in (b), CFCHCFand at least one of CHFCHFCF, CFCF&#x2550;CFand CFCFHCF. In (a), the CFCClCFand CFCClFCClFare produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst including (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and/or (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

Process or the preparation of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-propane and at least one of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane

A process for the manufacture of CFCH&#x2550;CFand CFCF&#x2550;CHF is disclosed. The process involves (a) reacting HF and chlorine and at least one halopropene of the formula CXCCI&#x2550;CCIX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CFCCICFand CFCCIFCCIF; (b) reacting CFCCICFand CFCCIFCCIFproduced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CFCHCFand CFCHFCHF; (c) dehydrofluorinating CFCHCFand CFCHFCHFproduced in (b) to produce a product including both CFCH&#x2550;CFand CFCF&#x2550;CHF; and (d) recovering CFCH&#x2550;CFand CFCF&#x2550;CHF from the product produced in (c). In (a), both CFCCICFand CFCCIFCCIFare produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst consisting of (i) compositions comprising a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by copper, and (H) compositions of (i) which have been treated with a fluorinating agent.

Process for the preparation of 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene

A process for the manufacture of CFCH&#x2550;CHF and/or CFCF&#x2550;CHis disclosed. The process involves (a) reacting HF and chlorine and at least one halopropene of the formula CXCCI&#x2550;CCIX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CFCCICCIFand CFCCIFCCIF; (b) reacting CFCCICCIFand CFCCIFCCIF produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CFCHCHFand CFCHFCHF; (c) dehydrofluorinating CFCHCHFand CFCHFCHF produced in (b) to produce a product including both CFCH&#x2550;CHF and CFCF&#x2550;CH; and (d) recovering CFCH&#x2550;CHF and/or CFCF&#x2550;CHfrom the product produced in (c). In (a), both CFCCICCIFand CFCCIFCCIF are produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst consisting of (i) compositions comprising a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by copper, and (ii) compositions of (i) which have been treated with a fluorinating agent.

Process for the preparation of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and/or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene

A process for the manufacture of CFCH&#x2550;CHF and/or CFCH&#x2550;CFis disclosed. The process involves (a) reacting HF and at least one halopropene of the formula CXCCI&#x2550;CCIX (where each X is independently F or CI) to produce a product including both CFCCI&#x2550;CFand CFCHCICF; (b) reacting CFCCI&#x2550;CFand/or CFCHCICFproduced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including CFCHCHFand/or CFCHCF; (c) dehydrofluorinating CFCHCHFand/or CFCHCFproduced in (b) to produce a product comprising CFCH&#x2550;CHF and/or CFCH&#x2550;CF; and (d) recovering CFCH&#x2550;CHF and/or CFCH&#x2550;CFfrom the product produced in (c). In (a), the CFCCI&#x2550;CFand CFCHCICFare produced in the presence of a fluorination catalyst comprising at least one chromium-containing component selected from (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

Process for the preparation of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and/or 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene

A process for the manufacture of CFCHCHFand/or CFCHCFis disclosed. The process involves (a) reacting HF and at least one halopropene of the formula CXCCI&#x2550;CCIX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CFCCI&#x2550;CFand CFCHCICF; (b) reacting CFCCI&#x2550;CFand/or CFCHCICFproduced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including CFCHCHFand/or CFCHCF; and (c) recovering CFCHCHFand/or CFCHCFfrom the product produced in (b). In (a), the CFCCI&#x2550;CFand CFCHCICFare produced in the presence of a fluorination catalyst comprising at least one chromium-containing component selected from (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

Process for the preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-penta-fluoropropane and/or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane

A process is disclosed for the manufacture of CFCHCHFand CFCHFCHF. The process involves (a) reacting hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one halopropene of the formula CXCCl&#x2550;CClX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CFCClCClFand CFCClFCClF; (b) reacting CFCClCClFand CFCClFCClF produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CFCHCHF, and CFCHFCHF; and (c) recovering CFCHCHFand CFCHFCHF from the product produced in (b). In (a), the CFCClCFand CFCClFCClFare produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst including (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and/or (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

Process for the preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane

A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 2 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are substituted by nickel atoms, and optionally, additional chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are substituted by trivalent cobalt atoms (provided that the total amount of the nickel atoms and the trivalent cobalt atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice is no more than 6 atom %) is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and a method for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide. The method comprises (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble divalent nickel salt, a soluble trivalent chromium salt, and optionally, a soluble divalent or trivalent cobalt salt, that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution, has a nickel concentration of from about 0.05 mole % to about 2 mole % of the total of nickel, chromium, and cobalt in the solution, and has a combined concentration of nickel and cobalt of no more than 6 mole % of the total of nickel, chromium, and cobalt in the solution; and after at least three moles of ammonium per mole of chromium has been added to the solution; (b) collecting the co-precipitated solid formed in (a); (c) drying the collected solid; and (d) calcining the dried solid. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising a chromium-containing component prepared by treating said crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide with a fluorinating agent; and a process for changing the fluorine distribution (i.e., content and/or arrangement) in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves using as the catalyst a composition comprising the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide and/or the treated substituted alpha-chromium oxide.

Nickel-substituted and mixed nickel-and cobalt-substituted chromium oxide compositions, their preparation, and their use as catalysts and catalysts precursors

A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 6 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by trivalent cobalt (Co) atoms is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and a method for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide. The method involves (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble cobalt salt and a soluble trivalent chromium salt that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution and has a cobalt concentration of from about 0.05 mole % to about 6 mole % of the total concentration of cobalt and chromium in the solution; and after at least three moles E of ammonium per mole of chromium in the solution has been added to the solution, (b) collecting the co-precipitated solid formed in (a); (c) drying the collected solid; and (d) calcining the dried solid. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising a chromium-containing component prepared by treating the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide with a fluorinating agent; and a process for changing the fluorine distribution (i.e., content and/or arrangement) in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves using as the catalyst a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide and/or the treated cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide.

Cobalt-substituted chromium oxide compositions, their preparation, and their use as catalysts and catalyst precursors

A process for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is disclosed which involves (a) contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one starting material selected from the group consisting of halopropenes of the formula CX3CCI&#x2550;CX2 and halopropanes of the formula the CX3CCIYCX3, wherein each X is independently F or Cl, and Y is H, Cl or F (provided that the number of X and Y which are F totals no more than six) with a chlorofluorination catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising CF3CCIFCF3, HCI, HF. and underfluorinated halogenated hydrocarbon intermediates. The process is characterized by said chlorofluorination catalyst comprising at least one chromium-containing component selected from (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by nickel, trivalent cobalt or both nickel and trivalent cobalt, provided that no more than 2 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by nickel and that the total amount of chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice that are replaced by nickel and trivalent cobalt is no more than 6 atom %, and (ii) a fluorinated crystalline oxide of (i). Also disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a mixture of HFC-227ea and hexafluoropropene by reacting a starting mixture comprising CFC-217ba and hydrogen in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature, optionally in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. This process involves preparing the CFC-217ba by the process described above.

Processes for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropene and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane

A process for the preparation of pentafluoroethane is disclosed which involves contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen fluoride and at least one starting material selected from haloethanes of the formula CXCHXand haloethanes of the formula CX&#x2550;CX, where each X is independently selected from the group consisting of F and Cl (provided that no more than four of X are F), with a fluorination catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising HF, HCl, pentafluoroethane, underfluorinated halogenated hydrocarbon intermediates and less than 0.2 mole percent chloropentafluoroethane based on the total moles of halogenated hydrocarbons in the product mixture. The process is characterized by the fluorination catalyst comprising (i) a crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 6 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by trivalent cobalt (Co) and/or (ii) a fluorinated crystalline oxide of (i).

Growing community of inventors

Drumore, PA, United States of America

H David Rosenfeld