Canadian Liquid Air Ltd - Air Liquidecanada Ltee

Canadian Liquid Air Limited

Eisenwerk-gesellschaft Maximilianshutte Mbh

Air Liquide Canada Ltee

Canadian Liquid Air Ltd/air Liquide

Guy Savard

Robert G Lee

Derek Hornsey

Karl Brotzmann

Hans-Georg Fassbinder

Helmut Knuppel

Molten steel, normally exposed to an atmosphere of air, is protected against impurities by placing a gas containing a major amount of carbon dioxide gas in such quantities and in such proximity to the surface to cause dissociation of the carbon dioxide at a rate which provides a gas barrier or shroud isolating the steel from the surrounding atmosphere. This method may be applied to protecting certain molten steels being transferred from a ladle to a mold, or from a ladle to a tundish and from the tundish to a mold in continuous casting. In a method where a number of shrouding operations are carried out in series, gas under pressure is bled, in increments, from a storage vessel containing a body of liquid carbon dioxide in an overlying ullage space containing vapor. Each increment is ultimately expanded and dispersed at ambient temperature to form the shroud. As each increment of vapor is removed from the vessel, it is replace by withdrawing liquid carbon dioxide, vaporizing it and returning it to the ullage space.

Molten metal casting

Molten steel, normally exposed to an atmosphere of air, is protected against pick-up of impurities by placing carbon dioxide gas in such quantities and in such proximity to the surface to cause dissociation of the carbon dioxide at a rate which furnishes an atmosphere of carbon monoxide and gives off a negligible amount of oxygen to the steel, thus providing a gas barrier or shroud isolating the steel from the surrounding atmosphere and preventing pick-up therefrom of oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen. This method may be applied to protecting steel being transferred from a ladle to a mold, or from a ladle to a tundish and from the tundish to a mold in continuous casting. In a method where a number of shrouding operations are carried out in series, carbon dioxide vapor, under pressure, is bled, in increments, from a storage vessel containing a body of liquid carbon dioxide in overlying ullage space containing vapor. Each increment is superheated, after it leaves the vessel, and is ultimately expanded and dispersed at ambient temperature to form the shroud. As each increment of vapor is removed from the vessel, it is replaced by withdrawing liquid carbon dioxide, vaporizing it and returning it to the ullage space.

Method of and apparatus for casting metal using carbon dioxide to form

Enhanced recovery of oil from subterranean sedimentary formations by an in-situ combustion method employing a pattern of an injection well and several production wells, spaced-apart by a treatment zone. Combustion is controlled by placing at least one fluid conduit in a treatment zone and introducing a control fluid through it to modify the flame front. Oxygen may be introduced to take over from combustion air initially introduced through the injection well, to sustain combustion and advance the flame front. Water may be injected through the injection well, alternating with the oxygen through the control conduit to continue a wet combustion method started with air. The strategic placing of control conduits and the introduction of appropriate fluids may be employed to improve the sweep geometry by advancing the flame front or retarding it, or invading areas behind it. Safety means is provided for introducing the oxygen at a velocity greater than the maximum flame velocity encountered in the flame front.

Oil recovery by in-situ combustion

An oil recovery installation made up of an inner conduit for an oxidant gas and a surrounding outer conduit forming therebetween a water jacket for cooling liquid leading from an upper end at the surface through a sealing well casing to a lower end within the underground oil recovery formation. Terminal means closes the lower end of the outer conduit and provides a restricted passage in communication with the inner conduit for injecting oxygen into the formation. There is means for supplying oxidant gas under pressure to the upper end of the inner conduit and means for supplying water to circulate within the cooling jacket. There is means for controlling the supply rate of oxidant gas and means for controlling the water supply rate.

In situ combustion for oil recovery

In the injection of oxygen through a refractory lined wall into a molten metal, for example, pig iron, the injected oxygen is surrounded by a stream of a protective fluid to diminish erosion of the refractory lining; the velocities of the oxygen and protective fluid are selected to minimize eddying of the oxygen into the protective fluid so that the protective fluid retains its effectiveness for a greater distance from the injector whereby greater protection is provided to the injector and the refractory.

Method of improving the performance of submerged oxygen injectors

In the refining of metal in a bath of the molten metal, oxygen is injected into the molten metal in a stream adjacent to a stream of a protective fluid which conveys a particulate flux, which is reactive with oxygen, into the molten metal; in this way the oxygen and particulate flux are safely introduced into the interior of the molten metal.

Method of safely injecting oxygen reactive materials into a submerged

In the homogenization of molten metal with a gas, the gas is delivered to agitate the molten metal in a vessel, through an injector tube having a fine bore effective to prevent penetration of molten metal into and along the bore; when injection of gas is discontinued, molten metal is allowed to solidify on the tip of the tube to seal it; when gas is to be delivered to a second load of molten metal in the vessel, it is delivered, at least initially, at a pressure effective to unseal the tube at the tip to permit entry of the gas into the second load to agitate the molten metal and thereby homogenize it; the injector tube can be used for successive batches of molten metal without maintenance.

Homogenization of metal using gas

A biological waste water treatment carried out in a single tank. The conditions in the tank are controlled to provide a biological reaction zone containing waste water and biodegrading organisms and an overlying clarification zone from which an effluent of treated waste water flows. The recycle stream is continuously withdrawn from the biological reaction zone, supplemented with influent waste water, passed through an oxygen-dissolving device, and the supplemented stream returned to the reaction zone. The oxygen is monitored and supplied to satisfy the demands of the organisms and, at the same time, to keep the oxygen in solution. The supplemented recycle stream is continuously injected along the bottom of the biological reaction zone in a horizontal shallow inflow having a width substantially greater than its depth and a flow considerably greater than that of the influent. And, the recycle stream is withdrawn from near the bottom of the reaction zone, at a vicinity remote from the inflow, in an outflow having a substantially greater width than its depth. In this way there is created between the inflow and the outflow a horizontally relatively fast flowing undercurrent having an extensive uninterrupted interface with an overlying relatively quiescent body of mixed liquor flowing upwardly relatively slowly.

Two zone apparatus for biological treatment of waste water

A biological waste water treatment carried out in a single tank. The conditions in the tank are controlled to provide a biological reaction zone containing waste water and biodegrading organisms and an overlying clarification zone from which an effluent of treated waste water flows. The recycle stream is continuously withdrawn from the biological reaction zone, supplemented with influent waste water, passed through an oxygen-dissolving device, and the supplemented stream returned to the reaction zone. The oxygen is monitored and supplied to satisfy the demands of the organisms and, at the same time, to keep the oxygen in solution. According to the invention, the supplemented recycle stream is continuously injected along the bottom of the biological reaction zone in a horizontal shallow inflow having a width substantially greater than its depth and a flow considerably greater than that of the influent. And, the recycle stream is withdrawn from near the bottom of the reaction zone, at a vicinity remote from the inflow, in an outflow having a substantially greater width than its depth. In this way there is created between the inflow and the outflow a horizontally relatively fast flowing undercurrent having an extensive uninterrupted interface with an overlying relatively quiescent body of mixed liquor flowing upwardly relatively slowly.

Two zone process for biological treatment of waste water

An apparatus is provided for treating waste water biologically and clarifying the biologically treated water; considerable economic advantage is obtained by conducting both the biological treatment and the clarification of biologically treated water in a single vessel rather than in separate vessels; it is further found possible to treat in this system water containing much higher concentrations of waste; in the process the supply of oxygen to the biological reaction zone is carefully monitored to meet the biological oxygen demand and avoid the occurrence of undissolved oxygen in the form of gas bubbles in the biological reaction zone or the clarification zone; there is further provided improvements in oxygen dissolving devices rendering them especially suitable for the two zone treatment.

Apparatus for biological treatment of waste water

A process is provided for treating waste water biologically and clarifying the biologically treated water; considerable economic advantage is obtained by conducting both the biological treatment and the clarification of biologically treated water in a single vessel rather than in separate vessels; it is further found possible to treat in this system water containing much higher concentration of waste; in the process the supply of oxygen to the biological reaction zone is carefully monitored to meet the biological oxygen demand and avoid the occurrence of undissolved oxygen in the form of gas bubbles in the biological reaction zone or the clarification zone; there is further provided improvements in oxygen dissolving devices rendering them especially suitable for the two zone treatment.

Pig-iron is refined into steel by blowing oxygen and a protective screen of an encasing gas through injecting means located at or near the bottom of a converter containing a melt of molten metal. The encasing gas while protecting the injecting means, allows it to be consumed at substantially the same rate as the bottom of the converter so that the injecting means is not left projecting from the bottom of the converter. The encasing gas can be one which is inert to the melt or the metal of the injecting means or both, or it can be a gas which reacts sluggishly with the melt or the material of the oxygen feed pipe or both. Desirably, the oxygen jet is circular in cross-section and the encasing gas is in the form of a concentric jet.

Method and converter for refining pig-iron into steel

Pig-iron is refined into steel by blowing oxygen and a protective screen of an encasing gas through injecting means located at or near the bottom of a converter containing a melt of molten metal. The encasing gas while protecting the injecting means, allows it to be consumed at substantially the same rate as the bottom of the converter so that the injecting means is not left projecting from the bottom of the converter. The encasing gas can be one which is inert to the melt or the metal of the injecting means or both, or it can be a gas which reacts sluggishly with the melt or the material of the oxygen feed pipe or both. Desirably, the oxygen jet is circular in cross-section and the encasing gas is in the form of a concentric jet. A converter for carrying out the method is made up of a pear-shaped sheet-steel casing having a refractory lining and an inserted bottom provided with nozzles in the form of metal tubes for the oxygen and encasing gas. Preferably, a substantial portion (for example about half) of the converter bottom is free of nozzles. The nozzles can be arranged in groups and there can be rows running parallel with the tilting axis of the converter. The nozzles may also be arranged to cause circulation of the molten metal in the converter. The nozzles can be constructed to provide for swirling movement of the encasing gas. Examples of encasing gas which may be used are hydrogen, nitrogen, noble-gases, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen-fluoride, furnace-mouth gas, coke-oven gas, natural gas and other gases containing hydrocarbons.

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Westmount, Canada

Guy Savard