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Fraunhofer-gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.v.

Gunther Hambitzer

Joachim Heitbaum

Laurent Zinck

Christiane Ripp

Ingo Stassen

Wolfgang Liehmann

Martin Joos

Ferdinand Hirth

Winfried Boke

Franziska Jager

Bernhard Beurer

Wolfgang Lutter

Rechargeable battery cell operable at normal temperature, with an SO.sub.based electrolyte system, a negative electrode and a positive electrode, wherein one of the electrodes has an electronically conductive discharge element. An improved cycle stability and consequently a longer useful lifetime is achieved in that, as a reaction protection material to protect the discharge element against unwanted reactions with constituents of the SO.sub.based electrolyte system, at least a surface layer of the electronically conductive discharge element contains an alloy of chrome with another metal and/or a protective metal, selected from rhodium, tungsten, rhenium, tantalum, platinum, iridium, osmium or technetium in pure form, as an alloy or as a constituent of a compound and/or a carbide, nitride or phosphide of titanium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, iron, vanadium, zirconium or manganese.

Rechargeable battery cell that is operated at normal temperatures

A method is proposed for the contiuous determination of gaseous oxidation products from industrial process, drinking and/or waste water, particularly for determining the TOC value, at least the organically bound carbon contained in a test solution to be investigated being oxidatively transformed and the gaseous oxidation products are supplied to a measuring unit, where at least the organically bound carbon is detected, the test solution being continuously pumped into a microreactor, where it is heated to a predetermined temperature and the organic compounds in the test solution are continuously oxidatively transformed under a temperature and pressure increased in a defined manner. An apparatus for the continuous determination of gaseous oxidation products from industrial process, drinking and waste water, particularly for determining the TOC value, having an oxidation unit and a following measuring unit has a terminally open heatable microreactor as the oxidation unit, upstream of which is provided a high pressure pump for the continuous supply of the test solution.

Method and apparatus for the continuous determination of gaseous

lectrochemical alkali metal cell and process for its manufacture

A process for detecting nitrotoluenes, particularly trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene and derivatives of nitrotoluenes in soils, liquids and gases is proposed and a voltage is applied to an electrode which is in contact with an electrolytic solution having the substance to be tested, the voltage being reduced for producing a reduction reaction and increased for producing an oxidation reaction and the current intensity of at least a residual current and an anodic current maximum occurring is determined, particularly as a function of the voltage applied.

Process for the detection of nitrotoluenes

For the continuous quantitative determination of volatile substances in lids, such as in particular halogenated hydrocarbons in process or waste waters, the invention proposes a corresponding method, according to which the liquid is led past a liquid-impermeable, but gas-permeable membrane and that the strippable substances in the liquid in their gas phase pass through the membrane and lead same through a measuring cell. An apparatus for performing the method is characterized by a flow chamber provided with a liquid-impermeable, but gas-permeable membrane for the liquids to be investigated and by a measuring cell for the substances to be investigated located on the membrane side remote from the flow chamber.

Method and apparatus for detecting strippable substances in liquids

A non-aqueous rechargeable electrochemical cell is disclosed, wherein the cell includes a negative electrode a positive electrode and an electrolyte solution into which the electrodes are immersed. The negative electrode is made of lithium, and the positive electrode contains as the active material lithium cobalt oxide. The electrolyte solution is a solution of a lithium salt with an anion of a group 3A element halide in sulfur dioxide. The cell of the present invention has a long cycle life and excellent electrical characteristics.

Non-aqueous, rechargeable electrochemical cell

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Pfinztal, Germany

Gunther Hambitzer