Akzo N.v.

Akzona Incorporated

Gunter Poppel

Horst Schurmann

Axel Vogts

Heinz Beck

Karl Seibert

Heinz Praetorius

Hasan Ulubay

Hans-Georg Schaffer

Gerhard Gabriel

Hans G Scafer

Heinz Opdenwinkel

Wolfgang Cieslik

Hans G Schafer

The process is disclosed for the manufacture of briquettes in which an essentially solid fuel material such as hard coal, coke, soft coal, charcoal or more particularly, anthracite, and other coals of low volatility are mixed in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol and calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide, as well as at least 1 percent by weight of water, and formed into briquettes. The calcium oxide is preferably caustic lime. The polyvinyl alcohol is preferably applied as an aqueous solution. The briquettes so formed are characterized by high initial crush resistance, i.e. the solidity shortly after the briquetting process, by high abrasion resistance, easy handling and, in the event that anthracite is employed, a carbon tar index of less than 50. The waste gases emitted during the burning of these briquettes have a distinctly reduced SO.sub.2 content.

Fuel briquettes

Fuel briquettes containing binding agents and additives, obtained by briquetting 80-99% by weight of an essentially solid fuel, 0.1-19% by weight of a natural or synthetic binding agent and 0.1-10% of a cationic polyurethane obtained by a monomeric aliphatic dihydroxy compound, which has at one of its two atoms bonding the two dihydroxy groups an aliphatic residue with minimum 10 carbon atoms, being reacted with a polyisocyanate and an aliphatic monomeric diol containing tertiary nitrogen which in the obtaining of the cationic polyurethane is rearranged into its ammonium phase, or obtained by reacting the monomeric aliphatic dihydroxy compound with a polyisocyanate and an appropriate aliphatic monomeric diol in which the nitrogen is present already in its ammonium state. The briquets are obtained by commingling and forming into briquets, in a known manner, the mentioned components. Preferred embodiments include use of charcoal or brown coal as solid fuel; use of brown coal containing 5-10% of a natural constituent as binding agent; the natural constituent being bitumen; colding mixing the comminuted fuel, binding agent and cationic polyurethane; and use of polyvinyl alcohol as synthetic binding agent, particularly having a viscosity from 0.003 Pas to 0.07 Pas, and particularly with a weight ratio of cationic polyurethane to polyvinyl alcohol from 1:3 to 3:1.

Fuel briquets

There is disclosed an improvement to the process for the de-inking of printed waste paper which comprises (1) treating the waste paper in a pulper at an alkaline pH with alkali silicate, an oxidatively active bleaching agent, one or more acid components selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and resinic acids containing more than 10 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof, and a dispersing agent, and (2) separating the detached printing ink particles from the fiber suspension by either flotation, washing, or a combination thereof. The improvement comprises employing the acid and the dispersing agent in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.

Process for the de-inking of printed waste paper

Use of copolymers of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with long-chain alkylene oxides having a minimum chain length of 6 carbon atoms as emollients in cosmetic liquid emulsions, creams, pastes and stick preparations.

Use of alkylene oxide copolymers as emollients in cosmetic preparations

Fuel briquets containing binding agents and additives are obtained by briquetting of approximately 80 to 99% by weight of an essentially solid fuel, approximately 0.1 to 19% by weight of a natural or synthetic binding agent and approximately 0.1 to 10% by weight, calculated on a dry basis, of a cationic resin obtained by reacting polyamines with halohydrin.

A process for the preparation of cationic paper sizing agents is disclosed. A copolymer of maleic anhydride and an .alpha.-olefin containing 10 to 26 carbon atoms is first reacted with from 0.1 to 1.0 mol, per mol of anhydride, of a monoprimary/monotertiary alkylene diamine, subsequently reacting the copolymer with more than 0.2 and less than 1.5 mols, per mol of anhydride, of a low-molecular weight polyamine, with the proviso that the total amount of amine reacted be less than 2.0 mols per mol of anhydride, and converting the resultant product to a salt.

Growing community of inventors

Duren-Niederau, Germany

Gunter Poppel