Cam Technologie S.p.a.

Cam Tecnologie S.p.a.

Valeo Corporation

Pirelli & C. Eco Technology S.p.a.

Pirelli & C. Ambiente S.r.l.

Guido Rivolta

Tiziano Ambrosini

Attilio Citterio

Enrico Albizzati

Alberto De Amicis

Raymond Hagnere

Carlo Andrea Bertoglio

Method for reducing emission of pollutants from an internal combustion engine including at least one combustion chamber. A fuel emulsion is injected into a combustion chamber; the fuel emulsion is ignited in the combustion chamber in the presence of air; and the internal combustion engine is operated so as to reduce peak combustion temperature in the combustion chamber. The fuel emulsion has a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, water, at least one emulsifier and at least one oxygen-containing water soluble organic compound. A considerable reduction of particulate emissions is obtained by using this fuel emulsion while maintaining or even further reducing the NOx level which is already reduced by the engine itself.

Method for reducing emission of pollutants from an internal combusion engine, and fuel emulsion comprising water and a liquid hydrocarbon

A polymeric surfactant obtained by the reaction of: (i) a polyolefin oligomer functionalized with at least one group deriving from a dicarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof; and (ii) a polyoxyalkylene of linear oxyalkylene units. The polyoxyalkylene is linked to a long-chain alkyl group optionally containing one or more ethylenic unsaturations. The polymeric surfactant may be utilized to stabilize a fuel of an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon. The fuel has high stability over time, without forming carbonaceous deposits which adhere to metal surfaces.

Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon

Fuel made from an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon and polymeric surfactant, used to stabilize the emulsion, obtainable by (a) reacting (i) at least one polyolefin oligomer functionalized with at least one group deriving from a dicarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof; and (ii) at least one polyoxylalkylene having linear oxyalkylene units, the polyoxyalkylene being linked to a long-chain alkyl group optionally containing at least one ethylenic unsaturation; and (b) reacting the product of step (a) with (ii) at least one nitrogen compound selected from monoamines, polyamines and quaternary ammonium hydroxides. The fuel has high stability over time, without forming carbonaceous deposits adhering to metal surfaces.

A fuel of an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon. The emulsion is stabilized by adding a polymeric surfactant obtainable by reaction between: (i) a polyolefin oligomer functionalized with at least one group deriving from a dicarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof; and (ii) a polyoxyalkylene of linear oxyalkylene units. The polyoxyalkylene is linked to a long-chain alkyl group optionally containing one or more ethylenic unsaturations. The fuel has high stability over time, without forming carbonaceous deposits which adhere to metal surfaces.

A clutch mechanism comprising a cover plate having a base portion joined to a skirt portion, a pressure plate and a diaphragm. The cover plate has a first shoulder which extends toward the base portion, while the pressure plate has, at its outer periphery, a second shoulder extending away from the base portion. The second shoulder is axially closer to the base portion than the first shoulder. A resilient compensating element is fitted between and in engagement with the first and second shoulders, and biases the pressure plate towards the base portion of the cover plate in such a way as to oppose the increase in the force of the diaphragm that may arise in operation.

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Vigevano, Italy

Guido Rivolta