3m Innovative Properties Company

Guglielmo Memo Izzi

Cheryl L S Elsbernd

Adam J Meuler

Zachary J Malmberg

Thomas E S Muehle

Jian Li

Gary A Shreve

Alan George Hulme-Lowe

Thomas ES Muehle

Cheryl LS Elsbernd

Articles subject to ice formation during normal use are described. The article comprises a repellent surface such that the receding contact angle of the surface with water ranges from 90 degrees to 135 degrees. The repellent surface comprises a fluorochemical material, typically in combination with a non-fluorinated organic polymeric binder. The fluorochemical material is preferably a compound having the formula: (R&#x2212;L&#x2212;P)A Ris a fluorinated group; L is independently an organic divalent linking group; P is a catenary, divalent heteroatom-containing carbonyl moiety, such as &#x2014;C(O)O&#x2014;; A is hydrocarbon moiety; and n typically ranges from 1 to 3; also described are methods of making an article comprising providing an article subject to ice formation during normal use and providing a liquid repellent surface, as described herein, on at least a portion of the article.

Articles subject to ice formation comprising a repellent surface

Articles subject to ice formation during normal use are described. The article comprises a repellent surface such that the receding contact angle of the surface with water ranges from 90 degrees to 135 degrees. The repellent surface comprises a fluorochemical material, typically in combination with a non-fluorinated organic polymeric binder. The fluorochemical material is prefer-ably a compound having the formula: (R-L-P)A Ris a fluorinated group; L is independently an organic divalent linking group; P is a catenary, divalent heteroatom-containing carbonyl moiety, such as &#x2014;C(O)O&#x2014;; A is hydrocarbon moiety; and n typically ranges from 1 to 3. Also described are methods of making an article comprising providing an article subject to ice formation during normal use and providing a liquid repellent surface, as described herein, on at least a portion of the article.

A method for electroplating of a substrate traveling in a substrate direction. The method comprises directing a first fluid stream and a second fluid stream respectively across the first and second width portions of the substrate. The first and second fluid streams do not flow substantially cocurrently with nor countercurrently to the substrate direction.

Apparatus and method for electroplating a metal onto a substrate

Growing community of inventors

Maplewood, MN, United States of America

Guglielmo Memo Izzi