Uop Lcc

Gregory J Thompson

David A Lomas

Anthony G Vickers

Raymond R Herber

Tamotsu Imai

Paul T Barger

Jayant Kumar Gorawara

Edward C Haun

Robert A Lengemann

Jeffery C Bricker

Laurence O Stine

Thomas A Verachtert

Dana K Sullivan

Kaung-Far Lin

Raymond W Mott

Lois M Cutter

John R Crawford

David W Penner

Middle distillate petroleum streams are hydrotreated to produce a low sulfur and low aromatic product in a process employing two reaction zones in series. The effluent of the first reaction zone is purged of hydrogen sulfide by hydrogen stripping and then reheated by indirect heat exchange. The second reaction zone employs a sulfur-sensitive noble metal hydrogenation catalyst. Operating pressure and space velocity increase and temperature decreases from the first to second reaction zones.

Two-stage hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation process for distillate

Middle distillate petroleum streams are hydrotreated to produce a low sulfur and low aromatic product in a process employing three reaction zones in series. Hydrogen flows between the reaction zones countercurrent to the hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulfide is removed from effluent of the first two reaction zones by hydrogen stripping. The second and third reaction zones employ a sulfur-sensitive noble metal hydrogenation catalyst. Operating pressure increases and temperature decreases from the first to third reaction zones.

Multi-stage hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation process for

Although high naphthenic acid hydrocarbon feedstocks normally need to be washed with caustic prior to being sweetened in a fixed bed mercaptan-to-disulfide oxidation process to avoid bed plugging, the prewash can be eliminated if aqueous ammonia is used concurrent with and as a part of the sweetening process. Aqueous ammonia injected into a sour hydrocarbon stream prior to the sweetening zone not only eliminates bed plugging, but affords an aqueous phase from which naphthenic acids may be recovered easily and economically. The ammonia also can be recovered for reuse, affording a process with considerably enhanced economic return.

Elimination of caustic prewash in the fixed bed sweetening of high

A method for operating a fluid catalytic cracking unit comprising a regeneration zone and a reaction zone with a relatively reduced temperature in the regeneration zone while processing a hydrocarbon feedstock having a 50 volume percent distillation temperature greater than about 500.degree. F. which method comprises contacting the feedstock in a reaction zone with a mixture of regenerated fluidizable cracking catalyst and fluidizable low coke make solid particles comprising a refractory inorganic oxide in a ratio of low coke make solid particles to cracking catalyst from about 1:100 to about 10:1, the low coke made solid particles having a surface area of less than about 5 m.sup.2 /g and a coke making capability of less than about 0.2 weight percent coke on the spent low coke make solid particles in the ASTM standard method for testing cracking catalyst by microactivity test (MAT); separating the resulting vaporized hydrocarbon products from the mixture of deactivated fluidizable cracking catalyst and fluidizable low coke made solid particles; recovering the resulting vaporized hydrocarbon products; passing the mixture of cracking catalyst and low coke made solid particles to the regeneration zone for regeneration by removal of coke; and passing the resulting regenerated mixture of cracking catalyst and low coke make solid particles from the regeneration zone to the reaction zone to contact the feedstock as described above whereby the regeneration zone temperature is maintained at a reduced temperature as compared to an equivalent operation without the use of the fluidizable low coke make solid particles while simultaneously not affecting the operation of the reaction zone.

Method for reducing the temperature in a regeneration zone of a fluid

An alkylation-transalkylation process for the production of a monoalkylated aromatic compound is disclosed which maximizes the production of desirable monoalkylaromatic compounds, while limiting transalkylation catalyst deactivation. The process entails the combination of an alkylation reaction zone, a first seperation zone, a second separation zone, and a transalkylation reaction zone wherein the alkylation catalyst and transalkylation catalyst are dissimilar and where the alkylation catalyst is comprised of phosphoric acid material and the transalkylation catalyst is comprised of a crystalline aluminosilicate material. The transalkylation catalyst deactivation is reduced by transalkylating only dialkylated aromatic compounds. Additionally, the transalkylation catalyst is regenerable utilizing a hot liquid hydrocarbon wash.

Alkylation/transalkylation process

A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon which comprises the steps of: (a) passing a feed stream comprising the C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon into an isothermal dehydrogenation zone and through at least one bed of dehydrogenation catalyst maintained at isothermal dehydrogenation conditions selected to convert at least about 50 weight percent of the dehydrogenatable C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon and producing an isothermal dehydrogenation zone effluent stream comprising hydrogen, unconverted C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon and C.sub.2 -plus product hydrocarbon; (b) forming an oxidation catalyst bed feed stream by admixing an oxygen-containing stream with the isothermal dehydrogenation zone effluent stream; (c) passing the oxidation catalyst bed feed stream through a bed of hydrogen selective oxidation catalyst maintained at selective oxidation conditions and producing an oxidation zone effluent stream having a reduced concentration of hydrogen and an increased temperature; (d) passing the oxidation zone effluent stream into an adiabatic dehydrogenation zone and through at least one bed of dehydrogenation catalyst maintained at dehydrogenation conditions selected to convert additional unconverted C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon and producing an adiabatic dehydrogenation zone effluent stream comprising hydrogen, unconverted C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon and C.sub.2 -plus product hydrocarbon; and (e) recovering the C.sub.2 -plus product hydrocarbon.

Dehydrogenation of dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons

A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon which comprises the steps of: (a) passing a feed stream comprising the C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon into a dehydrogenation zone and through at least one bed of dehydrogenation catalyst maintained at dehydrogenation conditions and producing a dehydrogenation zone effluent stream comprising hydrogen, the C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon and a C.sub.2 -plus product hydrocarbon; (b) forming an oxidation catalyst bed feed stream by admixing an oxygen-containing stream with the dehydrogenation zone effluent stream; (c) passing the oxidation catalyst bed feed stream through a bed of hydrogen selective oxidation catalyst maintained at selective oxidation conditions and producing an oxidation zone effluent stream having a reduced concentration of hydrogen; and (d) recovering the product hydrocarbon from the oxidation zone effluent stream without contacting the oxidation zone effluent stream with dehydrogenation catalyst.

An alkylation-transalkylation process for the production of a monoalkylated aromatic compound is disclosed which maximizes the production of desirable monoalkylaromatic compounds, while limiting transalkylation catalyst deactivation. The process entails the combination of an alkylation reaction zone, a first separation zone, a second separation zone, and a transalkylation reaction zone wherein the alkylation catalyst and transalkylation catalyst are dissimilar and where the alkylation catalyst is comprised of phosphoric acid material and the transalkylation catalyst is comprised of a crystalline aluminosilicate material. The transalkylation catalyst deactivation is reduced by transalkylating only dialkylated aromatic compounds.

A process for obtaining glucose from thinned starch by partially hydrolyzing the latter to give from 50% to 92% glucose followed by separation of the hydrolysis product to afford a glucose-enriched product with recycling of the glucose-depleted stream affords benefits unattainable by conventional commercial processes. Substantial reductions in process time and reversion products and a substantial increase in productivity are among some of the benefits.

Glucose or maltose from starch

An apparatus for the cooling of hot fluidized solid particles. The apparatus comprises in combination: (a) a vertically oriented combustion chamber; (b) a disengagement chamber above and connected to the combustion chamber; (c) a collection section at the bottom of the disengagement chamber; (d) a vertically oriented shell and tube heat exchanger with the shell closed at the bottom and the top of the shell in sealed communication with the disengagement chamber such that the particles can circulate to and from the shell and disengagement chamber; (e) a fluidizing gas inlet in the bottom of the shell such that fluidizing gas can enter the shell and continuously backmix the particles; (f) an inlet and outlet to the tubes of the heat exchanger such that a cooling fluid can flow through the tubes; and (g) a control valve in the fluidizing gas inlet with a control system which controls the quantity of cooling fluid removed from the tubes by controlling the amount of fluidizing gas to the heat exchanger which regulates the duty of the heat exchanger.

Fluid particle backmixed cooling apparatus

A process and associated apparatus for the cooling of hot fluidized solid particles. The particles flow from a first dense phase fluidized bed into the shell side of a vertically oriented shell and tube heat exchanger where cooling occurs via indirect heat exchange with a cooling medium circulating in the tubes. The extent of cooling is controlled by the varying of the heat transfer coefficient between the tubes and particles in the heat exchanger which are maintained as a second dense phase fluidized bed. The coefficient is varied by varying the quantity of fluidizing gas to the fluidized bed in the heat exchanger. The particles flow freely to and from the first and second dense phase fluidized beds through which the particles recirculate and are backmixed. The process has particular applicability to a combustive regeneration process and most particular applicability to the FCC process.

Fluid particle backmixed cooling process

A process and associated apparatus for the cooling of hot fluidized solid particles. The particles flow from a dense phase fluidized bed into the shell side of a vertically oriented shell and tube heat exchanger where cooling occurs via indirect heat exchange with a cooling media circulating in the tubes. The extent of cooling is controlled by the varying of the heat transfer coefficient between the tubes and particles in the heat exchanger which are maintained as a dense phase fluidized bed. The coefficient is varied by varying a combination of the variables comprising the quantity of fluidizing gas to the fluidized bed in the heat exchanger and the quantity of particle flow through that bed. The process has particular applicability to a combustive regeneration process and most particular applicability to the FCC process.

Fluid particle cooling process and apparatus

A catalyst regeneration process and apparatus for the oxidative removal of coke from a coke contaminated fluid catalyst. The process comprises a high temperature coke combustion zone, a catalyst disengagement zone and an external heat removal zone comprising a shell and tube heat exchanger. Catalyst is cooled by passing it through the shell side of the heat exchanger with a cooling medium through the tube side. A mixture of coke contaminated catalyst, oxygen containing gas, and cool regenerated catalyst from the heat removal zone are contacted in the high temperature combustion zone, the temperature of which is controlled by adjusting the rate at which fluidizing gas is passed to the bottom portion of the shell of the heat exchanger which varies the degree of turbulence of the fluidized bed in the shell side and thus the heat transfer coefficient at the outside surface of the tubes which in turn varies the quantity of heat transferred to the cooling medium in the tubes.

Fluid catalyst regeneration apparatus

Fluid catalyst regeneration process

A catalyst regeneration apparatus for the oxidation of coke from a spent catalyst, said coke being converted to CO, and for the conversion of the CO to CO.sub.2. Hot regenerated catalyst is recycled from a dense bed in the regeneration zone to mix with incoming spent catalyst in a mixer zone. The mixer zone operates in dense phase and is supplied with a relatively small amount of a fluidizing medium, preferably air. After the mixing of spent and fresh catalyst is substantially completed, a relatively large amount of a regenerating gas, preferably air, is admixed with the catalyst mixture, and some coke oxidation occurs. The balance of coke oxidation takes place in a downstream-situated regeneration zone of substantially conventional design. There is a transfer section connecting the mixer zone to the regeneration zone through when the relatively large amount of the regenerating gas is admitted. The transfer section is preferably a substantially horizontal surface having an outside perimeter intermediate the outside perimeters of the regeneration and mixer zones. Regeneration gas addition is made through multiple perforations in the transfer section.

Growing community of inventors

Waukegan, IL, United States of America

Gregory J Thompson