Hewlett-packard Development Company, L.P.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP

Oregon State University

Peridot Print LLC

Greg Scott Long

Shannon Reuben Woodruff

James Elmer Abbott, Jr

Ali Emamjomeh

Erica Montei Fung

Kenneth Flack

Carolin Fleischmann

Roberto A Pugliese

Jesiska Tandy

Rachael Donovan

Carmina Querol Esparch

David A Champion

Michael A Delos-Reyes

Tahir Cader

Douglas A Keszler

Emre Hiro Discekici

Mohammed Saad Shaarawi

John F Wager, Iii

Kristopher Olsen

John M McGlone

Vladek P Kasperchik

John P Franz

James McKinnell

Sadiq Bengali

Jake Wright

Stephen Horvath

David L Erickson

Phil D Matlock

Chien-Hua Chen

Michael W Cumbie

Andrew L Van Brocklin

James William Stasiak

Jeffrey Allen Nielsen

David Allen Moore

Anita Rogacs

Alfred I-Tsung Pan

Brian M Taff

Arun K Agarwal

Jacob Wright

Satya Prakash

Joshua M Yu

Dennis J Schissler

Douglas Pederson

Curt Lee Nelson

James E Abbott

Emily Levin

Katrina Donovan

Keith Mathew McAuliffe

Sadiq Bengall

Samuel Ajayi

William F Stickle

Gardson Githu

Jr James Elmer Abbott

Jeffrey A Neilsen

A particulate build material for three-dimensional printing can include from about 80 wt % to about 99.5 wt % of a polyamide particles, and from about 0.5 w % to about 7.5 wt % of thermally conductive particles including cubic lattice structured particles of carbon, cubic lattice structured particles of boron and nitrogen, or a combination thereof.

Three-dimensional printing with polyamides and cubic lattice structured particles

A three-dimensional printing kit can include a polymer build material and a fusing agent. The polymer build material can include from about 80 wt % to about 100 wt % polymeric particles. The fusing agent can include an aqueous liquid vehicle, an electromagnetic radiation absorber to absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat, and an endothermic decomposition compound that can undergo thermal decomposition at a temperature ranging from about 60° C. to about 400° C.

Three-dimensional printing kits

In the examples provided herein, a system includes an electrochemical sensor having two electrodes inserted in a fluid to be tested, where an alternative current (AC) voltage is applied across the two electrodes; an electrochemical sensor having two electrodes inserted in a fluid to be tested, wherein an alternative current (AC) voltage across the two electrodes; and a frequency response analyzer to analyze the measured the electrical response across multiple frequencies. The system also includes a memory to store a baseline of the electrical response across multiple frequencies, and a processor to determine from the stored baseline and the measured electrical response whether the electrical response is outside a predetermined range.

Electrical frequency response fluid analysis

In a three-dimensional printing method example, a liquid functional agent is selectively applied. The liquid functional agent includes an alloying agent. A metallic build material is applied. The liquid functional agent is selectively applied before the metallic build material, after the metallic build material, or both before and after the metallic build material. The liquid functional agent patterns the metallic build material to form a composite layer. At least some of the metallic build material is exposed to energy to melt the at least some of the metallic build material to form a layer. Upon contact or after energy exposure, the alloying agent and the build material alter a composition of the composite layer.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing

An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer having a surface energy density greater than 41 mN/m. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer in the at least the portion.

Three-dimensional printing

In an example implementation, a sintering system includes a support structure in a sintering furnace to support a token green object during a sintering process. The system includes wires installed into the furnace and through the support structure to contact the object. An impedance meter is operatively coupled to the wires to determine electrical impedance of the object during the sintering process.

Electrical measurement of a green object during sintering

A three-dimensional printing kit can include a polymeric build material and a fusing agent. The polymeric build material can include polymer particles having a D50 particle size from about 2 &#x3bc;m to about 150 &#x3bc;m. The fusing agent can include an aqueous liquid vehicle including water and an organic co-solvent, a radiation absorber to generate heat from absorbed electromagnetic radiation, and from about 2 wt % to about 15 wt % of a carbamide-containing compound.

Three-dimensional printing with carbamide-containing compound

An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a semi-crystalline or amorphous thermoplastic polymer having a predicted total dimension change during 3D printing ranging from about &#x2212;4% to about 9%. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the semi-crystalline or amorphous thermoplastic polymer in the at least the portion. The fusing agent is a core fusing agent and the energy absorber has absorption at least at wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 780 nm; or the fusing agent is a primer fusing agent and the energy absorber has absorption at wavelengths ranging from 800 nm to 4000 nm and has transparency at wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 780 nm.

An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a thermoplastic elastomer having: an avalanche angle ranging from about 49 degrees to about 59 degrees; a break energy ranging from about 55 kJ/kg to about 78 kJ/kg; and an avalanche energy ranging from about 10 kJ/kg to about 27 kJ/kg. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the thermoplastic elastomer in the at least the portion.

An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing composition includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes one of: (i) a thermoplastic elastomer having a flow parameter characterized by a consolidation resistance value ranging from about 8 to about 30, and a tap density characterized by an n1/2 value ranging from 5 taps to 30 taps; or (ii) a polyamide-like material having a flow parameter characterized by a consolidation resistance value ranging from about 75 to about 120, and a tap density characterized by an n1/2 value ranging from 5 taps to 30 taps. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the thermoplastic elastomer or the polyamide-like material in the at least the portion.

An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a polyamide having a melt enthalpy ranging from greater than 5 J/g to less than 150 J/g. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the polyamide in the at least the portion. The fusing agent is a core fusing agent and the energy absorber has absorption at least at wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 780 nm; or the fusing agent is a primer fusing agent and the energy absorber is a plasmonic resonance absorber having absorption at wavelengths ranging from 800 nm to 4000 nm and having transparency at wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 780 nm.

Some examples include an additive manufacturing build object including an electrical component and a build object body. The electrical component having a varying electrical resistivity within a resistivity range of 109 ohms per square to 105 ohms per square, the resistivity range obtained by an application and fusing of a fusing component of a printing agent and build material, the printing agent applied to the build material at a predetermined saturation dosage range corresponding to the resistivity range. The build object body having a second electrical resistivity obtained by an application and fusing of the fusing component of the printing agent and the build material, the printing agent applied at a dosage below the predetermined saturation dosage range, the build object body being electrically non-conductive.

Additive manufactured resistivity

Some examples include an additive manufacturing method for controlling electrostatic discharge of a build object. The method includes receiving data related to a build object, the data including conductivity data, selectively depositing a first portion of a printing agent onto a build material layer in a pattern of an object layer of a build object, the printing agent being electrically conductive at a predetermined dosage, the first portion deposited at less than the predetermined dosage, selectively depositing a second portion of the printing agent onto the build material layer at an area of the pattern, the printing agent at the area deposited at or above the predetermined dosage, and applying fusing energy to form the object layer, the object layer of the build object including a shell formed at the area and a core, the shell being electrically conductive and the core being electrically non-conductive.

Additive manufacturing object conductivity

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Corvallis, OR, United States of America

Greg Scott Long