Apple Inc.

Lytro, Inc.

Other

Google Inc.

University of Arizona

Graham Butler Myhre

Cheng Kai Chen

Hyungryul J Choi

Nan Zhu

Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov

John N Border

Colvin Pitts

Sajjad Ali Khan

Tyler G Anderson

Brent J Bollman

Weibo Cheng

Fletcher R Rothkopf

Chaohao Wang

Paolo Sacchetto

Jason C Sauers

Yi-Ren Ng

Se Baek Oh

Giovanni Carbone

Cheuk Chi Lo

Shih Chang Chang

Chun-Yao Huang

Sheng Zhang

Ravi Kiran Nalla

Arthur Yasheng Zhang

Jerome Chandra Bhat

Shih-Chyuan Fan Jiang

Steven David Oliver

Wonjae Choi

David W Lum

Francesco Aieta

Guolin Peng

Bennett S Wilburn

William D Houck, Ii

Matthew Emanuel Last

Zhibing Ge

Jiaying Wu

Chia-Kai Liang

Phil M Hobson

James E Pedder

Scott M DeLapp

Paul V Johnson

Bradley Charles Steele

Michael Slootsky

Victoria C Chan

Byron R Cocilovo

Eric J Hansotte

Paul J Gelsinger-Austin

Jonathan P Ive

Alan C Dye

Stephen Olivier Lemay

Julian Jaede

Jeremy C Franklin

William A Sorrentino, Iii

Rui Liu

Stanley K Pau

Sunggu Kang

Lei Yuan

Matheen M Siddiqui

Malcolm J Northcott

Geoffrey Grant Stahl

Wey-Jiun Lin

Russell Y Webb

Jungmin Lee

Ivan S Maric

Andrew C Lin

Nicolas P Bonnier

Ligang Wang

Michael J Rockwell

Steven E Molesa

Kurt Akeley

Xiaokai Li

Forrest C Wang

Yu Horie

Vikrant Bhakta

Qiong Huang

Yoonhoo Jo

Muhammad F Hossain

Ivan Knez

Yunhui Hou

Igor Stamenov

Jia Tao

Yanghai Tsin

Marinus Meursing

Branko Petljanski

Xiaonan Wen

Chun-Ming Tang

Kathrin Berkner Cieslicki

Bertrand Nepveu

Tom Sengelaub

Jaein Choi

Kwang Ohk Cheon

Wendi Chang

Gloria Wong

Hairong Tang

Hitoshi Yamamoto

Ahmad Rahmati

Christina G Gambacorta

William W Sprague

KiBeom Kim

Jan K Quijalvo

A display may include a waveguide, an input coupler having a first surface relief grating (SRG) in a substrate on the waveguide, a cross-coupler having a second SRG in the substrate, and an output coupler having a third SRG in the substrate. The display may direct light to an eye box. A capping layer may be disposed over the substrate. An anti-reflective coating may be disposed over the capping layer. Microstructures may be disposed in non-SRG regions of the substrate and may be non-diffractive at visible wavelengths. The microstructures may include grooves and may have a similar filling factor to the SRGs. This may cause portions of the capping layer over the microstructures to sink into the grooves, thereby providing the capping layer with a relatively uniform thickness across a lateral area of the waveguide, without the microstructures producing visible artifacts or interacting with the light.

Display devices having grating substrates with sub-wavelength patterns

A head-mountable display device includes a housing defining a front opening and a rear opening, a display screen disposed in the front opening, a display assembly disposed in the rear opening, a first securement strap coupled to the housing, the first securement strap including a first electronic component, a second securement strap coupled to the housing, the second securement strap including a second electronic component, and a securement band extending between and coupled to the first securement strap and the second securement strap.

Head mountable display

An electronic device such as a head-mounted device may have displays. The display may have regions of lower and higher resolution to reduce data bandwidth and power consumption for the display while preserving satisfactory image quality. Data lines may be shared by lower and higher resolution portions of a display or different portions of a display with different resolutions may be supplied with different numbers of data lines. Data line length may be varied in transition regions between lower resolution and higher resolution portions of a display to reduce visible discontinuities between the lower and higher resolution portions. The lower and higher resolution portions of the display may be dynamically adjusted using dynamically adjustable gate driver circuitry and dynamically adjustable data line driver circuitry.

Foveated display

An electronic device may have a display. The display has pixels configured to display an image. The display is mounted in a housing. The housing may include head-mounted support structures configured to support the display for viewing through lenses. The pixels of the display may be covered by a layer of thin-film encapsulation. The thin-film encapsulation may be covered with a cover layer such as a glass cover layer that is attached to the thin-film encapsulation layer by a layer of adhesive. To suppress internal light reflections, the display may include reflection suppression structures. The reflection suppression structures may include an antireflection layer and/or polarizer and waveplate layers. The reflection suppression structures may be formed on an outwardly facing surface of the cover layer and/or between the thin-film encapsulation layer and the cover layer.

Electronic device having display with internal light reflection suppression

An electronic device may include a display that produce images. The display may generate light for an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The optical system may include a waveguide that propagates the light in a first direction towards the output coupler. The output coupler may couple the light out of the waveguide towards the eye box while inverting a parity of the light about the first direction. The coupler may include a first element such as a set of partial mirrors or diffractive gratings that redirects a first portion of the light in a second direction. The coupler may include a second element that redirects a second portion of the light in a third direction opposite the second direction. The first element may redirect the second portion and the second element may redirect the first portion towards the eye box.

Optical systems with interleaved light redirectors

A head-mounted display may include a display system and an optical system in a housing. The display system may have a pixel array that produces light associated with images. The display system may also have a linear polarizer through which light from the pixel array passes and a quarter wave plate through which the light passes after passing through the quarter wave plate. The optical system may be a catadioptric optical system having one or more lens elements. The lens elements may include a plano-convex lens and a plano-concave lens. A partially reflective mirror may be formed on a convex surface of the plano-convex lens. A reflective polarizer may be formed on the planar surface of the plano-convex lens or the concave surface of the plano-concave lens. An additional quarter wave plate may be located between the reflective polarizer and the partially reflective mirror.

Optical system for head-mounted display

An electronic device may include a display system for presenting images close to a user's eyes. The display system may include a display unit that directs light and an optical system that redirects the light from the display unit towards a user's eyes. The optical system may include an input coupler and an output coupler formed on a waveguide. The input coupler may redirect light from the display unit so that it propagates in the waveguide towards the output coupler. The output coupler may redirect the light from the input coupler so that it exits the waveguide towards the user's eyes. A light-redirecting element may be used to redirect edge light that would otherwise be outside of the user's field of view towards the user's eyes.

Optical systems for displays

A head-mounted display may include a display system and an optical system in a housing. The display system may have displays that produce images. Positioners may be used to move the displays relative to the eye positions of a user's eyes. An adjustable optical system may include tunable lenses such as tunable cylindrical liquid crystal lenses. The displays may be viewed through the lenses when the user's eyes are at the eye positions. A sensor may be incorporated into the head-mounted display to measure refractive errors in the user's eyes. The sensor may include waveguides and volume holograms, and a camera for gathering light that has reflected from the retinas of the user's eyes. Viewing comfort may be enhanced by adjusting display positions relative to the eye positions and/or by adjusting lens settings based on the content being presented on the display and/or measured refractive errors.

Head-mounted display device with vision correction

An electronic device may include a display module that produces foveated images having high and low resolution regions. The module may include a reflective display panel that produces first reflected light during first time periods and second reflected light during second time periods. The first reflected light may reflect off of a beam splitter to form the low resolution region of the foveated image. The second reflected light may be transmitted by the beam splitter, de-magnified by a lens, and redirected by an optical steering element to produce the high resolution region at a desired, adjustable, location in the foveated image. The reflective display panel may be replaced by sets of emissive display panels that concurrently display the high and low resolution regions in the foveated image. The sets of emissive display panels may be replaced by front-lit reflective display panels.

Optical systems having multiple light paths for performing foveation

An electronic device may have a display that emits image light, a waveguide, and an input coupler that couples the image light into the waveguide. Beam splitter structures may be embedded within the waveguide. The beam splitter structures may partially reflect the image light multiple times and may serve to generate replicated beams of light that are coupled out of the waveguide by an output coupler. The beam splitter structures may replicate the beams across two dimensions to provide an eye box with uniform-intensity light from the display across its area. The beam splitter structures may include stacked partially reflective beam splitter layers, sandwiched transparent substrate layers having different indices of refraction, a thick volume hologram interposed between substrate layers, or combinations of these or other structures. The reflectivity of the beam splitter structures may vary discretely or continuously across the lateral area of the waveguide.

Waveguided display systems

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have a steep sidewall, a sidewall with an undercut, or a sidewall surface with a plurality of curves to disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. A control gate that is coupled to a bias voltage and covered by gate dielectric may be used to form an organic thin-film transistor that shuts the leakage current channel between adjacent anodes on the display.

Organic light-emitting diode display with reduced lateral leakage

A vehicle may have a light-field head-up display that produces a light-field output allowing a viewer in the vehicle to observe three-dimensional content. An array of light-field display units and corresponding lenses may be used to direct the light-field output towards the viewer. The head-up display may have a transmissive display such as a liquid crystal display or other display with an array of backlit pixels. The pixels may have subpixels of different colors and may have elongated shapes extending along a given dimension. Lenticular lenses in the transmissive display that overlap the pixels may extend along the given dimension. A directional backlight may be used to adjust the direction of the light-field output produced by a light-field display unit. The directional backlight may be adjusted to alternately provide light-field output to the left and right eyes of a viewer.

Light field head-up display

A vehicle may have optical structures such as windows and mirrors that have the potential to allow glare from external objects to shine into the eyes of a driver or other vehicle occupant. A control circuit may gather information on where the eyes of the driver are located using a camera mounted in the vehicle and may gather information on where the sun or other source of glare are located outside of the vehicle. Based on this information, the control circuit may direct a light modulator on a window or mirror to selectively darken an area that prevents the glare from reaching the eyes of the driver. The light modulator may have a photochromic layer that is adjusted by shining light onto the photochromic layer, may be a liquid crystal modulator, an electrochromic modulator, or other light modulator layer.

Active glare suppression system

Growing community of inventors

San Jose, CA, United States of America

Graham Butler Myhre