Apple Inc.

Graeme M Williams

Warren S Rieutort-Louis

Kingsuk Brahma

Yuchi Che

Jean-Pierre Simon Guillou

Jie Won Ryu

Pierre-Yves Emelie

Jenny Hu

Zhao Wang

Tsung-Ting Tsai

Hyunwoo Nho

Peter F Holland

Marc Albrecht

Tong Chen

Shengkui Gao

Mark T Winkler

Shyuan Yang

Koorosh Aflatooni

Hyunsoo Kim

Yi Qiao

Sean C Chang

Myung-Je Cho

Yue Jack Chu

Kyounghwan Kim

Feng Wen

Mario Miscuglio

Ming Xu

Wei Hsin Yao

Ting-Kuo Chang

Paolo Sacchetto

Yafei Bi

Abbas Jamshidi Roudbari

Chieh-Wei Chen

Yu Cheng Chen

Mahesh B Chappalli

Qing Li

Weijun Yao

Marc Joseph DeVincentis

ByoungSuk Kim

Jae Won Choi

Arthur L Spence

Injae Hwang

Mohammad Ali Jangda

Dong Zheng

David S Zalatimo

Yingying Tang

Christopher Edward Glazowski

David S Hum

Wenrui Cai

Shatam Agarwal

Alex H Pai

Gihoon Choo

Haifeng Li

Sinan Alousi

Yao Shi

Ricardo A Peterson

Chaohao Wang

Ardra Singh

Wanqing Xin

Sungki Lee

Jongyup Lim

Shawn P Hurley

Li-Xuan Chuo

Yang Xu

Zuo Xia

Salman Kabir

Bo-Ren Wang

Alexis G Soyseven

Hei Kam

Ximeng Guan

Alexandre V Gauthier

Snehal T Jariwala

Sachiko Oda

Jimmy H Huang

Timothy H Ellis

Clint M Perlaki

David R Manly

Hyun H Boo

Kevin J Choboter

Lu Yan

Na Zhu

Ing-Jye Wang

Wenbing Hu

Junbo Wu

Xin Zheng

Jesse R Manders

Systems and methods described herein may utilize a non-linear scaling relationship to scale brightness of selective portions of the display in a manner that reduces or eliminates perceivable banding effects. By non-linearly controlling changes in brightness of the display, a viewer may perceive a more uniform, linear dimming towards the relatively dimmer region without perceiving banding, leading to improved user experience when viewing the electronic display.

Display panel brightness control based on gaussian edges

In a display characterized by regions with different pixel responses due, for example, to local pixel density variation, voltage-to-luminance matching may be non-universal. Therefore, in order to avoid visual artifacts that may hinder a desired visualization of displayed content, it may be advantageous to compensate the different gamma responses. In some cases, such as with electronic devices having a single pixel density across the display, optical calibration may be performed to determine voltage-to-luminance matching. However, in electronic devices with local pixel density variations, it may be disadvantageous to perform optical calibrations for each region with a different pixel density. Instead of using two distinct gamma curves which may include dedicated optical calibration, a global nonlinear scaler (GNLS) compensation may be applied. Embodiments may pertain to techniques for applying a per-channel and band-global gamma-to-voltage compensation to reduce or minimize a relative luminance error amongst different responses of display regions.

Global nonlinear scaler for multiple pixel gamma response compensation

An electronic device includes a display and a sensor underneath the display. The display has a full pixel density region and a reduced pixel density region. Compared to pixels in the full pixel density region, pixels in the reduced pixel density region can be controlled using overdriven power supply voltages, overdriven scan control signals, different initialization and reset voltages, and can include capacitors and transistors with different physical and electrical characteristics. Gate drivers provide scan signals to pixels in the full pixel density region, whereas overdrive buffers provide overdrive scan signals to pixels in the reduced pixel density region. The pixels in the full pixel density region and the pixels in the reduced pixel density region can be controlled using different black level or gamma settings for each color channel and can be adjusted physically to match luminance, color, as well as to mitigate differences in temperature and aging impact.

Displays having reduced pixel density region with localized tuning

A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. Display artifacts caused by a light emitter that operates through a display may be referred to as emitter artifacts. To mitigate emitter artifacts, operating conditions for a display frame may be used to determine an optimal firing time for the light emitter during that display frame. The operating conditions used to determine the optimal firing time may include emitter operating conditions, display content statistics, display brightness, temperature, and refresh rate. Operating conditions from one or more previous frames may be stored in a frame buffer and may be used to help determine the optimal firing time for the light emitter during a display frame. Pixel values for the display may be modified to mitigate emitter artifacts.

Mitigating artifacts caused by an under-display light emitter

An electronic device may include processing circuitry configured to generate a first frame of image content and a second frame of image content. The second frame of image content is different from the first frame of image content. The electronic device may also include a display configured to display the first frame of image content at a first refresh rate. In response to receiving the second frame of image content, the electronic device may initially increase the refresh rate before tapering back to the first refresh rate while displaying the second frame of image content.

Frame insertion and frame rate sequencing for panel glitch prevention

An electronic device display may have an active area with pixels. An optical sensor may be formed under a sensor region in the active area. During operation, ambient light and/or other light associated with the optical sensor may pass through the sensor region. To ensure that the light for the optical sensor can pass through the display, the display may have one or more layers with sensor openings such as a metal layer and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer that attaches the metal layer to the pixels of the display. To help minimize visibility of the openings in the sensor region, the pressure sensitive adhesive layer may be configured to have a reflectivity that matches the appearance of the display in the sensor region to surrounding areas. Undesired light output uniformity can be reduced by ensuring that the substrate material in the display has a low light absorption coefficient.

Electronic devices with through-display sensors

An electronic device may include an electronic display having multiple display pixels to display an image based on analog voltage signals. The electronic device may also include optical calibration circuitry to generate digital-to-analog converter (DAC) data based on image data associated with the image and dither circuitry to reduce a bit-depth of the DAC data, generating dithered DAC data. Additionally, the electronic device may include a gamma generator having one or more DACs to generate the analog voltage signals based on the dithered DAC data, which may instruct the gamma generator to generate the analog voltage signals indicative of the image data.

Dither enhancement of display gamma DAC systems and methods

In some embodiments, a device includes a light-emitting display, and an optical emitter positioned behind the light-emitting display. The optical emitter is configured to emit light through the light-emitting display. A processor is configured to synchronize a first illumination timing of the optical emitter and a second illumination timing of the light-emitting display. In some embodiments, a device includes an optical transceiver processor and a display processor. The display processor is configured to output timing information to a light-emitting display and to the optical transceiver processor, and the optical transceiver processor is configured to cause an optical transceiver to emit or receive light in synchronization with the timing information output by the display processor.

Display-synchronized optical emitters and transceivers

A display may have an active area that includes display pixels. The display may include an inactive notch region that extends into the active area. Data lines may provide image data from display driver circuitry to the display pixels. The image data may include data signals that correspond to portions of the display that do not include pixels, such as the inactive notch region. The null data signals may cause nonuniformities in the displayed image. The null data signals may be adjusted to minimize the nonuniformities. Null data signals corresponding to the inactive notch region may be adjusted to have gray levels that gradually decrease with distance from the border between the inactive notch and the active area. All of the data signals corresponding to the inactive notch may be set to a uniform gray level.

Data signal adjustment for displays

A display may have an array of pixels. Due to the presence of a notch in the display, the display may have some rows that are shorter than other rows in the display, and accordingly different gate line loading. To account for the gate line loading variations, the display driver circuitry may have gate driver circuits that provide different gate line signals to different rows of pixels within the display. In other arrangement, luminance adjustment circuitry may receive image data and generate corresponding compensated image data to account for gate line loading variations between rows of pixels in the display. The image data may be compensated based on the location of the pixel, the gray level of the image data, the display brightness, and/or temperature.

Displays with luminance adjustment circuitry to compensate for gate line loading variations

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Cupertino, CA, United States of America

Graeme M Williams